조선후기 기장현 無知浦의 공간적 특징-舟師와 漂流의 관계를 중심으로- = Spatial Characteristics of Mujipo Port in Gijang-hyeon During the Late Joseon Dynasty: From the Perspective of Jusa and Drift

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 조선후기 기장현 無知浦의 공간적 특징에 대해 살폈다. 1631년 울산부에 있던 舟師가 기장현 무지포로 옮겨오면서, 기장현에는 水軍의 군사시설이 자리하게 되었다. 조선후기 기장현 주사는 표류된 일본 선박을 引導, 守護 및 송환하는 업무를 주로 하였다. 기장현에 표류된 일본인은 대부분 무지포에서 問情을 하고, 송환을 위해 동래부 지역으로 이송되었다. 일본 漂船을 무지포로 예인하는 것이 舟師의 代將이었다. 기장현은 표류민 발생부터 송환 과정을 경상좌수영, 경상좌병영, 경상감영, 동래부, 부산진 등 여러 관청과 긴밀한 관계 속에서 수행하였다.
기장현에서 담당하는 표류민 보고는 9개 관청에 이를 정도로 많은 인력과 비용이 드는 어려운 일이었다. 뿐만 아니라 표류민에게 지급하는 料米, 선박 수리 등도 담당하였다. 반면 무지포에서 표류민이 머무는 동안 기장 사람들과 표류민 사이에는 교류가 있었다. 19세 초에 쓰여진 󰡔남천일록󰡕에는 표류민에 대한 기장 사람들의 정보와 경험, 표류민과 기장 사람들과의 관계가 잘 나타나 있다. 기장 사람들은 표류민을 통해 일본의 선박 구조, 일본인의 말씨, 일본인의 옷차림 등 일본 문화를 알 수 있었다. 조선후기 기장현 무지포는 주사라는 關防 공간이었고, 표류민 수호와 송환, 대일교류 등 다양한 역할을 수행하는 공간이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the spatial characteristics of Gijang-hyeon during the late Joseon Dynasty. In 1631, a military dock for warships under naval command(i.e., jusa 舟師) was relocated from Ulsan-bu to Mujipo Port in Gijang-hyeon, marking the establishment of a naval military facility in the area.
A jusa was a military facility intended for defense against Japanese invasions, but the one in Gijang-hyeon became significantly involved in the repatriation of Japanese drifters during the peaceful period of the late Joseon Dynasty. Japanese individuals who drifted onto the East Coast were often investigated and interrogated at Mujipo Port before being transferred to the Dongnae-bu area for repatriation. The commander(i.e., daejang 代將) of the jusa in Gijang-hyeon was responsible for towing Japanese drifting ships into Mujipo Port. The Gijang-hyeon authorities managed the entire process of handling drifters, from identification to repatriation, while closely coordinating with neighboring administrative and military institutions, including Gyeongsang-jwa-suyoung(the headquarters of the naval forces in Gyeongsang Left Province), Gyeongsang-jwa-byeongyoung(the headquarters of the army in Gyeongsang Left Province), Gyeongsang-gamyoung(the central administrative office of Gyeongsang Province), Dongnae-bu, and Busanjin(a military stronghold in Busanpo Port).
The handling of drifters in Gijang-hyeon was a difficult task that required a great deal of manpower and expense, with reports having to be submitted to nine government offices as many as five times. In addition, Gijang-hyeon was responsible for providing rice rations(called yomi) to the drifters and repairing their ships.
On the other hand, while the drifters stayed at Mujipo Port, there were instances of interaction between them and the residents of Gijang. Namcheon-Illok, written in the early 19th century, presents detailed accounts of the people of Gijang’s knowledge and experiences concerning the drifters, as well as the relationships between the two groups. When a drifting ship docked, the locals would go to Mujipo Port to observe Japanese ships or converse with the Japanese. Through these encounters, the residents of Gijang were able to learn about Japanese culture—including the structure of Japanese ships, as well as their language and clothing.
In the late Joseon period, Mujipo Port in Gijang-hyeon served multiple roles: guarding the border, protecting and repatriating drifters, and facilitating Korea-Japan exchange.