삼국유사에 구사된 범어 음역의 원류 = The Source of Transliterated Sanskrit Words Mentioned in the Samgukyusa

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the case of Samgukyusa, which is a famous history book dealing with stories handed down from the era of the Three Kingdom Period, the words transliterated into Chinese from Sanskrit are found frequently in two articles named respectively Eosanbulyeong and Daesanomanjinsin. There in Eosanbulyeong, some transliterated words are mentioned, such as nara(訶羅), nagal(那竭), nagalga(那竭呵), nageongara(那乾訶羅), manasa(摩那斯), bulpabuje(弗婆浮提). It is not comparatively difficult to assume their original language(Sanskrit) through investigating various examples. Among these, nara(訶羅), nagal(那竭), nagalga(那竭呵), and nageongara(那乾訶羅) are all understood as the single name of a place, and they can be reconstructed to be the transliteration of nagarahara. Among others, manasa(摩那斯) is the name of dragon primarily, and its Sanskrit original is manasvin. But describing particularly its meaning as fish, the author(Ilyeon) of Samgukyusa relates it with the name of `the temple Maneosa`(萬魚寺), which has the meaning of `Ten thousand fishes`. Then, it is possible to trace the final source of these transliterations back to the scripture named Guanfo Sanmei Hai Jing(觀佛三昧海經), especially to the story about an image of Buddha in this text. Besides, the most suitable Sanskrit for bulpabuje(弗婆浮提) is assumed to be puspabhuti. On the other hand, the original Sanskrit words of the transliterations such as garapajwanang(呵라婆佐낭), dalyedaguya(達례치구야), nangasaganang(낭伽희伽낭), and dalyenosana(達례盧舍那) enumerated in the article of Daesanomanjinsin can not be easily identified. Though the author adds the meaning of these transliterations, it is impossible to conjecture their origins from the examples of general transliteration system. For my part, it is very plausible to guess from the texts of dharani that those five words would be a sort of dharani. Because the first word, garapajwanang(呵라婆佐낭) is in accord with the dharani built up five letters in utility. Moreover the article of Daesanomanjinsin states that those transliterated words are directly connected with the faith in Manjusri. If the word garapajwanang originates from dharani, then it would shed light to the source and origin of the rest words. The Buddhist technical terms had been apt to be transformed or misrepresented in Korea of the past. In the present investigation I take some examples from Samgukyusa and try to understand diverse practical aspects of the text. This paper is a small step toward the deeper understanding of this important text by doing some contributions to the transliterations, so far ignored or misunderstood among the historians of Samgukyusa.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 리상호, "삼국유사(三國遺事)" 과학원출판사 1960

2 東國大學校 佛典刊行委員會, "韓國佛敎全書 in: 高麗時代篇, 3" 東國大學校出版部 1979

3 "金剛頂超勝三界經說文殊五字真言勝相"

4 "金剛頂經瑜伽文殊師利菩薩供養儀軌"

5 "賢愚經"

6 "菩薩本行經"

7 "聖妙吉祥真實名經"

8 "翻譯名義集"

9 "翻梵語"

10 "瑜伽論記"

11 "月燈三昧經"

12 "曼殊室利童子菩薩五字瑜伽"

13 "摩訶僧祇律"

14 "孔雀王呪經"

15 "妙法蓮華經"

16 "大般涅槃經"

17 "大方廣佛華嚴經 80권본"

18 "大方廣佛華嚴經 60권본"

19 水谷眞成, "大唐西域記 in: 中國古典文學大系22" 1971

20 "大唐西域記"

21 李丙燾, "三國遺事" 大洋書籍 1972

22 "一切經音義"

23 "『高僧法顯傳』. T, 第51卷"

24 "T: 大正新脩大藏經"

25 Monier-Williams, Sir Monier, "Sanskrit-English Dictionary" Oxford University Press 1899

26 Vaidya, P. L., "Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra" The Mithila Institute. (6) : 1960

27 大藏經學術用語硏究會, "(大正新修)大藏經索引" 大正新脩大藏經刊行會 1967