정치성향에 따른 도덕판단기준의 차이 = Differences in Moral Foundations between Liberals and Conservatives

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Moral foundations theory (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) explains why and how liberals and conservatives differ in moral foundations in order to understand the ever-escalating political conflicts between liberals and conservatives. Moral foundations theory suggests that liberals rely more on care/harm and fairness/cheating foundations, whereas conservatives rely more on loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation foundations. This research examined universality of the moral foundation theory with Korean samples and causal relation between political orientation and moral concerns by priming. In study 1, five moral foundations were found among Korean samples. It was also found that liberals emphasized care/harm and fairness/cheating foundations more, while conservatives concerned loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation foundations primarily. These results showed that the moral foundations theory is applicable with Korean samples. In study 2, priming of political orientation affected moral concerns of participants. Those in liberal priming condition showed more concerns over care/harm and fairness/cheating foundations

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 도덕기반이론(Haidt & Joseph, 2004)을 기초로 진보와 보수의 정치갈등을 이해하고자 하는 시도가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 진보성향의 사람들은 전통적으로 도덕 판단의 기초로 여겨졌던 정의(justice)와 돌봄(caring)의 원칙을 중심으로, 보수성향의 사람들은 앞선 두 가지 원칙과 더불어 집단의 결속을 중요시 하는 충성, 권위, 신성의 다섯 가지 원칙을 중심으로 옳고 그름을 판단 한다는 것이 도덕기반이론의 주된 예측이다. 본 연구에서는 도덕기반이론이 한국인에게도 적용되는지 확인하는 동시에 정치성향과 도덕성 기반의 인과적 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구 1에서는 상관연구를 통해 한국인에게서도 다섯 가지 도덕성 기반이 발견되는지 살펴보았고, 정치성향에 따른 도덕성 기반의 차이를 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 점화기법을 통해 정치성향의 점화에 따른 도덕성 기반의 차이를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 한국인에게서도 다섯 가지 도덕성 기반이 부분적으로 확인되었으며, 진보성향의 사람들은 돌봄과 공정의 원칙을, 보수성향의 사람들은 충성, 권위, 신성의 원칙을 도덕판단에 있어 더 중요시 하는 것으로 나타나 도덕기반이론이 한국사회에도 적용됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 진보성향 점화 집단이 보수성향 점화 집단에 비해 돌봄과 공정 기반을 더 중요시 하는 것으로 나타나 정치성향이 도덕성 기반에 미치는 영향을 확인 할 수 있었다.

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