북한 주민에 대한 태도가 대북정책 선호에 미치는 영향 = Attitude toward North Koreans and its Impact on Policy Preference on North Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper attempts to empirically identify South Korean attitude towards North Koreans, its source, and its impact on policy preference on North Korea controlling for selected demographic, socioeconomic, and social psychological variables, which have been suggested to influence the attitude and preference. Previous literature on political cleavage among South Koreans regarding policy preference on North Korea, so-called Nam-Nam-Gal-Deung, has approached the subject mainly at the aggregate level. In contrast, this study uses survey data in order to analyze such political cleavage systematically at the individual level. Using Bogardus social distance scale and correspondence analysis, this study finds that South Koreans appear to accept North Korean refugees and Korean Chinese, both in South Korea, as compatriots but not as co-workers or neighbors. It also finds that about 27% of South Koreans consider North Koreans in North Korea foreigners or even enemies while 25% of South Koreans consider them siblings or friends. The study shows independent negative effect of age, female, low education, low income, and conservative political ideology on the attitude toward North Korean refugees. Similar effects except for income show up for the attitude toward North Koreans in North Korea. There are also independent, negative effects of Saenuri partisanship and positive effect of Honam region in the latter attitude. A sense of pride in Korea does not appear to affect the attitude toward North Koreans, which contradicts the expectation based on social identity theory. This may have to do with the fact that South Koreans seem to accept them as compatriots. The study demonstrates that prejudicial attitude toward North Koreans appears to lead to conservative policy preference on North Korea including reunification, aid, and bargaining methods. It also seems to lead to negative predictions about income gap, regionalism, and ideological cleavage, after reunification.

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