International rules-based connectivity and East Asian norm perception of the EU : A pathway to greater regional cooperation? = 국제 규칙 기반 연결 및 EU에 대한 동아시아 규범 인식 : 더 큰 지역 협력으로 가는 길?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper considers normative convergences between the EU and East Asia as a pathway for enhancing inter-regional cooperation between the two regions and ameliorating regional cooperation in East Asia itself. Perceptions of EU norms by China, Japan, and South Korea provide the basis for analysis. European strategies toward Asia are one form of EU norms in external actions. Therefore, the focal point of analysis is the ‘EU-Asia Connectivity Strategy’ with the concept of international rules-based connectivity. In order to analyze the three countries’ stances toward this concept, the analysis looks into the internal dimension of China, Japan, and South Korea and the external dimension of their relationship with the EU. Based on this analysis, one can speak of norm adaption and even resistance by China and norm adoption by Japan and South Korea. Considering pathways to further region-to-region cooperation, the EU should strengthen its relations with Japan and South Korea trilaterally by tapping into the potential that a common normative basis provides for inter-regional cooperation and regional cooperation. Both Japan and South Korea share their norms with the EU, are strategic partners of the EU, and have similar institutionalized forms of cooperation with the EU. Trilateral cooperation can lead to a strengthened international liberal order, enhance inter-regional cooperation between the EU and East Asia and provide fora for trust-building between Japan and South Korea, hence, lead to better relations within East Asia.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 EU와 동아시아의 규범적 융합을 양 지역 간 협력 강화와 동아시아 자체 지역 협력 개선을 위한 통로로 고려하고 있다. 중국, 일본, 한국의 EU 규범에 대한 인식이 분석의 근거를 제공한다. 아시아에 대한 유럽의 전략은 외부 행동에서 EU 규범의 한 형태이다. 따라서 분석의 초점은 국제 규칙 기반 연결 개념을 가진 'EU-아시아 연결 전략'입니다. 이 개념에 대한 3국의 입장을 분석하기 위해 중국, 일본, 한국의 내적 차원, EU와의 관계 외적 차원을 들여다보면 중국의 규범적응과 심지어 중국의 저항, 일본과 한국의 규범적 채택까지 말할 수 있다. EU는 지역 간 협력의 추가 경로를 고려할 때 공통 규범적 기반이 지역 간 협력과 지역 협력에 제공할 수 있는 잠재력을 활용해 일본 및 한국과의 관계를 삼각적으로 강화해야 한다. 일본과 한국은 EU와 규범을 공유하고, EU의 전략적 파트너이며, EU와 유사한 제도화된 협력 형태를 가지고 있다.3국 협력은 국제 자유 질서 강화, EU와 동아시아 간 지역 간 협력 강화, 한일 신뢰구축에 기여할 수 있어 동아시아 내 관계 개선으로 이어질 수 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Introduction 1
• II. A normative approach to the EU 3
• 1. Normative Power Europe 4
• 2. Decentring Agenda 6
• 3. Connecting a normative perspective on the EU with East Asia 7
• III. Decentralization of norms: Theoretical framework on the norm perception of the EU 8
• IV. EU-Asia Connectivity Strategy 12
• 1. Background of the EU-Asia Connectivity Strategy 12
• 2. Establishment, objectives, and content of the strategy 14
• 3. The connectivity strategy on East Asia 15
• V. EU norms or universal norms 16
• VI. Operationalization of norm perception 19
• 1. Operationalization of international rules-based connectivity 19
• 2. Framework on norm perception 20
• VII. Norm perception of China, Japan, and South Korea 21
• 1. Normative prior and constellation of Interest 21
• 1-1. The case of China 22
• 1-2. The case of Japan 25
• 1-3. The case of South Korea 28
• 2. Domestic institutions and practices 30
• 1-1. Rules and regulations for the movement of people, goods, services, and capital 32
• 1-2. International practices, rules, conventions, and technical standards 37
• 1-3. Open and transparent investment environment 40
• 3. Power Asymmetries & Interdependencies 45
• 1-1. China and the EU 45
• 1-2. Japan and the EU 52
• 1-3. South Korea and the EU 56
• 4. Norm perception of the EU 60
• 1-1. Normative prior and constellations of interest 60
• 1-2. Domestic Institutions and Practices 62
• 1-3. Power Asymmetries & Interdependencies 64
• 1-4. Overall norm perception 66
• VIII. Pathways to further region-to-region-cooperation 67
• 1. A changing international order: challenges and opportunities 67
• 2. The EU as a promoter of regional integration 69
• 3. The way forward: re-thinking strategic partnerships 70
• IX. Conclusion 73
• Bibliography 76
• Thesis & Dissertation Deposit Agreement 97