莫言小说中的山东传统文化与女性 = Research of Shandong Traditional Culture and Women in Mo Yan's Works

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Research of Shandong Traditional Culture and Women in Mo Yan's Works Han Huizi Department of Chinese Lang. & Lit. Graduate School of Soongsil University Mo Yan, the first Chinese national to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, is widely regarded as one of the most influential realist literary figures in China and Asia over the past three decades. Many of Mo Yan's works delve deeply into the circumstances and inner worlds of women, portraying a diverse array of female characters and images. These women serve as witnesses to and bearers of their times, reflecting the decline, transformation, and reconstruction of traditional Chinese culture—exemplified by Shandong—over two centuries, from the late 18th to the late 20th century. The proposed work primarily focuses on Frog and Big Breasts and Full Hips, while also engaging with Mo Yan’s other long-form literary works centered on women. Employing psychoanalytic theory and feminist theory as analytical tools, the study takes as its entry point the traditional Chinese cultural order rooted in the Qilu cultural sphere of Northeast Gaomi Township, Shandong—the core setting of Mo Yan’s works and the region where he grew up. Utilizing methodologies such as literature analysis, comparative research, and interdisciplinary approaches, the thesis examines Mo Yan’s literary works from the perspectives of the psychology, imagery, and traditional social norms associated with women in Shandong's traditional culture. The first chapter explores the rationale for this study from three perspectives: Mo Yan's status in world literature, the rich elements of Shandong's traditional culture embedded in his works, and the influence of his portrayal of women on East Asian literature. It reviews relevant research closely related to this study, including analyses of Mo Yan's background, his focus on female characters, his distinctive language style, and critical studies of Big Breasts and Full Hips and Frog. The second chapter focuses on examining Mo Yan’s upbringing, his writing experiences, major works, and creative motivations. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shaped his literary perspective and thematic choices, offering insights into the origins and evolution of his unique narrative style and the recurring motifs in his works. Additionally, the chapter approaches the cultural issues in Mo Yan’s novels from the perspective of the regional inheritance of Shandong's traditional culture. This cultural "rootedness" is embodied in the long-standing and deeply ingrained historical legacy and national heritage that permeate his works, reflecting the enduring influence of his homeland’s traditions on his literary creations. The third chapter focuses on analyzing the creative background of Frog and Big Breasts and Full Hips, offering a qualitative assessment of the primary character portrayals in both works. It constructs the maternal figure in Big Breasts and Full Hips, examining the reasons behind Mo Yan’s depiction and its literary significance. Similarly, it provides a layered analysis of the “aunt” character in Frog, describing her psychological evolution over time. Moreover, the section delves into the themes and writing techniques employed in these works. From the perspective of the relationship between humans and nature, it explores the shared and deeply rooted rural sentiment expressed through Mo Yan’s characters, interpreting his works through the lens of the traditional modes of thought in his hometown of Shandong, China. The fourth chapter examines the foundation of traditional social relationships in Shandong as depicted in Mo Yan’s novels, focusing on the perspective of human relationships within society. It explores the roles individuals occupy within the patriarchal framework of a typical family, presenting the structure of family ethics cantered on patriarchy. The chapter reflects on traditional views of procreation aimed at continuing the family line and the family structure organized around ethical order. In the traditional Chinese worldview of marriage and childbirth, young men and women form new families through formal marriage and, as an essential task beyond agricultural activities, bear and raise a significant number of offspring, predominantly boys. This cultural imperative underscores the inseparability of individuals from their societal roles, even in self-sufficient agrarian communities. Through this lens, Mo Yan’s literary creations highlight the characteristics of familial ethical order, the traditional view of passing on the family line, and the familial structures rooted in ethical norms. Keywords: Mo Yan; Chinese literature; Shandong; Traditional women

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

莫言是首位中国籍诺贝尔文学奖获得者，是过去三十年中国乃至整个亚洲最具影响力的现实主义文学巨匠。莫言的多部作品都对女性的境遇和心理进行了深刻的描写，其笔下的女性性格、形象多种多样，她们是时代的见证者和承受者，从她们身上可以看见中国十八世纪末至二十世纪末这二百年间，以山东为代表的传统文化的式微、变革和重构。
本篇论文主要以《蛙》和《丰乳肥臀》为中心，同时涉及莫言的其他关于女性书写的长篇著作，以心理分析理论和女性主义理论为工具，以其作品铺陈的核心地点——山东高密东北乡，即莫言成长所属的齐鲁文化圈的中华传统文化秩序为研究切入视角，运用文献分析法、对比研究、跨学科研究等研究方法，从山东传统女性心理、形象和传统规则秩序等角度对莫言的文学作品进行分析。
第一章主要从莫言的世界文学地位、莫言作品当中丰厚的山东传统文化要素和莫言笔下的女性之于东亚文学的影响等三个角度揭示了本研究的选题依据。并从莫言的生活背景研究，女性书写研究，语言风格研究，作品《丰乳肥臀》及作品《蛙》的研究入手，整理了与本文相关性较强的研究成果。
第二章围绕莫言的成长环境、写作经历、主要作品、创作动机进行研究。同时，建构了文学作品与山东历史和传统文化的逻辑联系，对山东传统文化背景下的女性形象进行阐释。同时从山东传统文化的地区性传承视角切入，研究了莫言小说中的文化问题。故乡的这种文化“根性”，就体现在这些绵延已久且深入人心的历史性积淀与民族性传承之中。
第三章主要分析了《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的创作背景，对两部作品中呈现出来的主要人物形象作出定性的分析判断。建构了《丰乳肥臀》中母亲的人物形象，并分析了莫言建构这个人物的原因和文学意义；对《蛙》中“姑姑”的形象进行了分层描写，并对其人物心理的变迁作出一定的描述。另外，这部分还对两部作品的主题和写作技巧进行了分析。并从人与自然关系的角度切入，围绕莫言作品人物中共同彰显的、典型的乡土情结，以莫言家乡中国山东的传统思维方式为视角解读其作品。
第四章从人与社会关系的视角切入，研究了莫言小说中山东传统社会关系的基础。主要从人在社会当中所处的角色出发，呈现了父权为核心的典型家庭伦理秩序的样貌，体现了传宗接代的传统生育观、以伦理秩序为核心的传统家庭结构观。在中国传统婚育世界观中，青年男女通过正式婚姻组成新的家庭，并在此基础上生育抚养以男孩为主体的数量可观的后代，是除农业生产活动以外的重要任务。人不能脱离社会单独生存，即使在自给自足的农业社会也是如此。从人在社会当中所处的角色来看，莫言的文学创作主要呈现了典型的家庭伦理秩序样貌，体现了传宗接代的传统生育观以及以伦理秩序为核心的传统家庭结构观。

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第 1 章 绪 论 1
• 1.1 选题动机 1
• 1.2 研究方法与研究意义 4
• 1.2.1 研究方法 4
• 1.2.1.1 文艺分析与批评的理论 4
• 1.2.1.2 民俗研究的相关理论 6
• 1.2.1.3 文学分析方法 6
• 1.2.2 研究意义 7
• 1.2.2.1 有助于从女性命运考察时代浮沉 7
• 1.2.2.2 有助于启发当代女性意识觉醒 9
• 1.3 研究综述 10
• 第 2 章 莫言与山东传统文化 12
• 2.1 莫言的创作动机及其作品简介 12
• 2.2 山东传统文化与莫言小说世界 17
• 2.2.1 莫言小说主题体现的山东地方性 18
• 2.2.1.1 莫言小说中的民间因素 19
• 2.2.1.2 莫言小说作品中的民间传奇 20
• 2.2.1.3 莫言小说中的古代神话传说 21
• 2.2.2 莫言小说语言体现的山东地方性 22
• 2.2.2.1 修辞的通俗化 22
• 2.2.2.2 俗语的大量运用 24
• 2.2.2.3 戏曲语言的穿插 24
• 2.2.2.4 个性化感官语言 27
• 2.2.3 莫言小说叙事体现的山东地方性 28
• 2.3 莫言小说中的山东女性 33
• 2.3.1 婚姻牢笼 34
• 2.3.2 性欲苦闷 36
• 2.3.3 生育负担 37
• 第 3 章 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的作品世界 41
• 3.1 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的主要人物形象 41
• 3.1.1 《丰乳肥臀》中的母亲 41
• 3.1.1.1 小说中上官鲁氏的形象 41
• 3.1.1.2 农村社会中底层妇女的形象 44
• 3.1.1.3 《丰乳肥臀》对传统母亲形象的映照和升华 47
• 3.1.2 《蛙》中“姑姑”的形象 49
• 3.1.2.1 充满人性光辉的“姑姑” 49
• 3.1.2.2 严厉苛刻的“姑姑” 50
• 3.1.2.3 懊悔的“姑姑” 51
• 3.2 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的主题分析 52
• 3.2.1 生存的主题 52
• 3.2.2 苦难创伤的主题 55
• 3.2.3 自我身份认同的主题 57
• 3.3 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的叙事技巧分析 60
• 3.3.1 《丰乳肥臀》的叙事技巧 60
• 3.3.1.1 多样化的叙事手段 61
• 3.3.1.2 多场景地蒙太奇式拼接 61
• 3.3.2 《蛙》的叙事技巧 63
• 3.3.2.1 历史叙述的传奇性书写 63
• 3.3.2.2 现实叙述的荒诞化书写 65
• 3.3.2.3 文学书写与现实本体的杂糅 65
• 3.4 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》的乡土文化情怀 66
• 3.4.1 自然崇拜 67
• 3.4.2 身体的象征 71
• 第 4 章 《蛙》与《丰乳肥臀》中的女性与山东传统社会文化 75
• 4.1 传宗接代的传统生育观念 75
• 4.2 女性生育与自身前途命运的冲突 78
• 4.3 生命伦理与纲常制度的交锋 88
• 4.4 以伦理为核心的家庭关系 93
• 4.4.1 夫妻关系 97
• 4.4.2 父子关系 105
• 4.4.2.1 父亲的权威地位 105
• 4.4.2.2 孝的情感联结作用 110
• 4.4.3 母子关系 115
• 第 5 章 结 论 122
• 参考文献 124