간이(簡易) 최립(崔립) 산문(散文) 연구(硏究)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

16세기 말 17세기 초에 이르러 한문산문은 이론과 작품 양방면에서 이전과는 다른 새로운 조류가 형성되었다. 이른바 秦漢古文 또는 擬古文이라 불리기도 하는 復古的 文風의 진작이 그것으로, 奇崛하고 艱澁한 문체를 특징으로 하는 復古文은 산문의 학습과 창작, 비평의 영역을 종래의 唐宋文에서 秦漢文으로까지 확장함으로써 이후 조선후기 산문비평에서 주요한 논제로 다루어진 典範의 설정, 自得과 模擬, 文體와 修辭 등에 관한 다양한 논쟁을 촉발시켰으며, 崔岦은 그 중심에 놓인 작가였다.
崔岦은 載道論的 文學觀을 준용하고 있으면서도 ‘修辭立誠’의 修養論을 적용하여 문학의 자율적 가치를 동시에 추구하는 本末一貫의 道文觀을 바탕으로 산문의 기능적‧심미적 측면을 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 四書五經과 같은 性理學의 典範은 물론, 史記와 漢書 등 秦漢時代의 典籍과 韓愈‧柳宗元‧歐陽修‧蘇軾 등 唐宋 諸家의 작품을 폭넓게 학습하고 연찬하였으며, 그 가운데에서도 韓愈의 글에 특히 많은 관심을 표명하였다.
최립은 引用과 引喩의 수법을 자주 사용했는데, 치밀하게 계산된 字句나 句式 속에 배치함으로써 한층 정교하고 세련된 형식미를 갖춘 작품세계를 구축하였다.또한 원의를 왜곡하거나 변용함으로써 상식을 전도하고 개성적이고 참신한 작품을 창출하고자 하였으며, 경우에 따라서는 前作을 의도적으로 패러디하거나 패스티쉬함으로써 유희적 독서를 유발시키기도 하였다. 이와 같은 형식적 특징은 奇‧簡‧古 등의 風格으로 완성되었다. 최립의 산문은 독특하고 기발한 논지와 세심한 언어적 조탁, 간결하고 함축적인 고문의 표현미를 획득하였다. 또한 기존의 산문텍스트를 철저히 연찬하여 자신의 작품에 반영함으로써 장르의 규범과 전형성을 아울러 갖추었다. 당대의 성리학적 규범 역시 충실하게 체화하여 문학적으로 형상화하였으며, 자신의 신분적 한계와 작가로서의 자긍심을 표출하기도 하였고, 書畵에 대한 전문가적 안목을 바탕으로 자연과 예술, 인간에 관한 통찰을 보여주었다.
崔岦은 산문에 관한 전문적 논의가 표면화되지 않았던 시기에 산문에 대한 인식론적 전환을 바탕 삼아 당대 지식인의 보편사유와 문예관, 그리고 작가적 욕망을 독특한 형식미를 갖춘 작품에 투영해 냄으로써 文壇에 큰 반향을 불러일으켰으며, 이후 산문의 창작과 비평에 관한 다양한 논의를 촉발시켰다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this thesis is to explicate the literacy of the Chinese proses which have been studied actively in the field of Korean-Chinese Study and to analyse the estimates suggested by the late Choson’s prose authors through the elaborated analysis on the proses of Kan-Yi(簡易) Choi Rip(崔岦: 1539~1612) who enormously affected on the creation of proses in the late Choson with creating restorative style’s proses.
The study on the Chinese proses has two problems of present, reflecting on the Reception Theory and researching the critical alternative about theme-centered study’s atmosphere. The study on the Chinese proses which was specialized after 1980’s started on the theoric system of the late Choson’s Theory on the Ancient Proses, among these theories there were some representations of debates between the Ming’s restorative school and Tangsong school. Considering the literary atmosphere of the day that discussions about proses were profoundly accomplished since the 17th century, the theories between the restorative school and Tangsong school had obviously become the fresh stimulus, however these theories had an too inappropriate aspect to affect on the creation. In this point, the restorative proses in Choson are certainly distinguished from the restorative proses devoted themselves into Qin-Han’s proses in Ming. Choi Rip’s restorative proses which have the dual criticism of preservation and imitation of ancient style shows extremely the real aspects of the middle Choson’s proses, thus the exploration about this must be processed in direction of concentrating the aspects and processes of internal change out of the receptive views. On the other hand, the existing studies were focused on the works containing the serious themes and contents in advance, had the tendency of reading the aspects of thoughts and the fashion of literary world and cultural discourses. This is also one of the significant problems of literary study, but if this atmosphere were strengthened as the generous and dominating method, the value of literary works would have the meaning behind the range of history and philosophy, the standard of judging the literary characteristics would be also meaning-intentional elements such as satire and allegory. However the Chinese proses ave founded the unique literary world which melted the literary characteristics with the various formal experiments and expressional techniques as the various writing.
The analysis on expressional beauty which is the most significant part in relation to this thesis's purpose was examined on the center of rhetorics and characters. Choi Rip used the technique of quotation and allusion many times as the method of suggesting or retorting the opinions and enforcing the persuasive power on his point of argument, placing them into elaborated forms he established the literary world which had more refined and exquisite formal beauty. The frequent uses of quotation and allusion is the common characteristics of the Chinese proses, but Choi Rip’s proses have more deepen aspects than the 15th century’s prose authors such as the works of Kim Suohn(金守溫) and Kim Jongjik(金宗直) who used them in limits and Seo Keojeong(徐居正) who used them as a complementary sources. The intertextuality of Choi Rip’s proses like this brought about the denounces of preservation and imitation of the ancient style, caused the suspicion that had the relations the works of restoration school. But Choi Rip never devoted himself to existing texts without original authorship.