The land development project, which involves substantial risks as it is directly and indirectly financed by developers’ investment, is affected by various factors necessary for developers’ decision-making such as elimination of risk factors and fe...
The land development project, which involves substantial risks as it is directly and indirectly financed by developers’ investment, is affected by various factors necessary for developers’ decision-making such as elimination of risk factors and feasibility study of the project before its implementation. However, the theoretical and empirical researches on the private sector's land development are limited when compared to their actual necessity and significance. In addition, while the housing problems faced by the people have emerged as a pending issue of economy and society in terms of quality of the people's life, the researches focusing on the factors affecting the decision-making of investment in the private sector's land development project are practically needed.
In this context, this study, through perception of experts related to the land for housing, tried to identify the factors affecting the investment possibility of private sector's land development to accomplish the goals of private sector's land development set by Government, and based on the findings, suggest the desirable policy directions for the private sector's land development through examination of the policy relevance for private sector's land development.
To this end, an empirical study was carried out. For an analysis of the investment factors affecting the private sector's land development, an in-depth questionnaire was conducted among the experts in the field of residential site. The questionnaire consisted of two types to accurately analyze the opinions by experts regarding 21 investment factors selected in the study. One of them was a questionnaire of Likert scale for an analysis of structural equation, and the other a questionnaire for an analysis of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The member companies of the Korea Housing Association and the Korea Housing Builders Association conducted the questionnaire survey among 158 people who were executives and employees, professors, and researchers responsible for development of the private sector's land(Korea Housing Institute, Korea Research Institute For Human settlements, Korea Housing Association), persons of public organizations (Korea Land Corporation, Korea National Housing Corporation) in charge of land for housing development, and public officials in charge (Ministry of Construction and Transportation, municipal governments).
The results from an analysis of the questionnaire survey are summarized as follows.
First, an analysis of the structural equation showed that the various payment of share, contribution of public facilities, land for housing price and the sale price ceiling system were found to be significant factors affecting the possibility of investment. Therefore, for the possibility of private investment to be improved, it was suggested that regulation should be lessened for the share imposed on development and residential site price and sale price ceiling system.
Secondly, the results from AHP analysis showed the priority in the following order; application of residential site price and sale price ceiling system, security of development lot, various payment of share, contribution of public facilities, licensing procedure of residential site development, financial system for development, land use and development programs.
Thirdly, the policy for structure of residential site development, the methods of land acquisition, the security of development lot such as claim for sale, the policy for investors of initial finds, the interest rate policy for initial funds, and the policy for fund-raising such as PF all requiring modification, complementation, intelligence and alteration received negative response from both developers and constructors, but public officials, if anything, showed a positive response toward the policies.
Based on the results of the study above, the policy implications are suggested as follows.
First, considering the current structure of development project where the constructors carry out the responsible construction only when the land and development work by developers has progressed by 80% and more, the structural relationship between developers and constructors should be evolved into a new one. A new system needs to be explored to alleviate the financial burden born by developers and at the same time, improve the simple acceptance of contract work by constructors for strengthening the constructors' responsibility through their involvement in the initial phase of development. In addition, for an exercise of claim for sale, the rate of housing land security should be lowered along with improvement of system such as simplified procedure of clam for sale.
Secondly, under the current system, the costs of residential site are recognized within 120% of the appraisal value even if the extra costs of development are verified. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system so that the basic investment costs can be recovered.
Thirdly, an improvement of the system needs to be made to lessen the various types of share incidental to development of private sector's land.
Fourth, an improvement of the system needs to be made to alleviate the initial financial burden and lessen the financial costs burden born by developers.