웹 기반 및 면대면 학습 환경에서의 협력적 CPS와 개별적 CPS가 문제해결과 창의성에 미치는 영향과 패턴 분석 = A pattern analysis and the effects of collaborative and individual CPS on problem solving and creativities in web-based and face to face Learning environment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study is to investigate the following quantitative and qualitative research questions. In quantitative research, the study tried to identify the effects of types of learning environments(Web and F2F), types of CPS(collaborative and individual), and group cohesiveness on problem solving skills and creativities. In qualitative research, the study tried to find different patterns of collaborative patterns according to types of learning environment, levels of group cohesiveness, levels of group problem solving, group creativities. The subjects were undergraduate students. They were assigned into four groups randomly and the experiment were conducted for five weeks. The results of quantitative study were interesting. First, the collaborative CPS is more effective in problem solving skills both Web and F2F learning environments than individual CPS. Second, the collaborative CPS is more effective also in creativities both Web and F2F learning environments than individual CPS. Third, the groups that has high group cohesiveness show high score in problem solving skills and creativity in F2F learning environment but there is no differences in Web-based learning environment. According to qualitative research data, the groups that has high score in group cohesiveness, problem solving skills and creativities reach collaborative knowledge building through exploratory discussion that means group members negotiate meaning or debate critically but constructively among group members. However, the groups that has low score in group cohesiveness, problem solving skills and creativities show collective knowledge building or dogmatic knowledge building through cumulative or disputative discussion that means group members discuss positively but uncritically or individualized decision making. The study could provide useful resources for studying collaborative CPS and guideline for practice collaborative CPS in education filed.