Paleoclimatic reconstructions using textural data of the stalagmite from the Dangcheomul Cave, Jeju Island for the past 2,000 years.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Dangcheomul Cave is a lava tube cave located in the northeastern part of Jeju Island, Korea but contains numerous carbonate speleothems due to overlying carbonate dune sands. Because this cave is located very close to the surface and intimately affected by climate changes outside, the stalagmite in this cave can be used as a good paleoclimate proxy. In this study, late Holocene paleoclimate changes were inferred based on uranium?series dating and textural characteristics of the 225 mm?long DC-1 stalagmite by comparing with coeval Northern Hemispheric Δ<SUP>14</SUP>C record by solar activity. Based on <SUP>230</SUP>Th/<SUP>234</SUP>U dating, four dated ages were obtained from the bottom of the stalagmite (2,741±200 yr BP from 57.2 mm, 1,950±117 yr BP from 184 mm, 1,332±57 yr BP from 215.1 mm and 589±107 yr BP from 215.1 mm). The radiocarbon age of the paleosol layer within overlying carbonate sand dune is dated to be 4,450±30 yr BP. Because this paleosol was developed after the deposition of carbonate sands in this area, the growth of stalagmite should have started to be growing after 4,450±30 yr BP. The stalagmite DC-1 is composed of columnar calcite, and shows numerous growth laminae are present. The density of the growth laminae is indicative of the rainfall amount in this region. Therefore, five types of calcite texture can be divided based on growth rate, spacing between laminae and fluid inclusion density. Type Ⅰ has the average spacing of growth laminae of 0.025 mm and the narrowest spacing indicates the slowest growth rate whereas Type V has the widest spacing of 0.42 mm indicating the fastest growth rate. It appears that the spacing of growth laminae is intimately related to the amount of rainfall together with atmospheric Δ<SUP>14</SUP>C compositions (hence solar activities). Thus, coordinated textural and geochemical data can be used as an excellent proxy for paleoclimatic reconstruction.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 지효선, "제주도 용천동굴 석순(YC-2)의 조직적 특징을 이용한 지난 약 300년 동안의 고기후 변화 연구" 대한지질학회 47 (47): 139-153, 2011

2 지효선, "제주도 용천동굴 석순(YC-2)에 기록되어 있는 한반도의 소빙하기" 한국기상학회 20 (20): 261-271, 2010

3 우경식, "제주도 당처물동굴에서 발견되는 석주의 조직과 안정동위원소 결과:고기후학적 의미" 대한지질학회 40 (40): 133-144, 2004

4 조경남, "에덴동굴 석순에 기록된 후기 플라이스토세의 고기후 변화" 대한지질학회 42 (42): 127-142, 2006

5 조경남, "삼척시 대이리 관음굴 석순에 기록된 Dansgaard-Oeschger 기후변동" 대한지질학회 44 (44): 795-802, 2008

6 Yuan, D., "Timing duration and transitions of the last interglacial Asian monsoon" 304 : 575-578, 2004

7 Woo, K.S., "The origin of the speleothems in Dangcheomul Cave, Jeju Island, Korea" 36 : 411-434, 2000

8 Woo, K.S., "The origin of erratic calcite speleothem in the Dangcheomul Cave (lava tube cave), Jeju Island, Korea" 17 : 70-81, 2008

9 Hendy, C., "The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems-I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as paleoclimatic indicators" 35 : 801-824, 1971

10 Cheng, H., "The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230" 169 : 17-33, 2000

11 Wang, Y., "The Holocene Asian Monsoon: links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate" 308 : 854-857, 2005

12 Jo, K.N., "Textural and carbon isotopic evidence of monsoonal changes recorded in a composite-type speleothem from Korea since MIS 5a" 74 : 100-112, 2010

13 Stuiver, M., "Sun, ocean climate and atmospheric 14CO2: An evaluation of causal and spectral relationship" 3 : 289-305, 1993

14 Baker, A., "Stalagmite lamina doublets: a 1000 year record of extreme winters in NW Scotland" 22 : 1339-1345, 2002

15 Hening, G.J., "Speleothems, travertines and paleoclimates" 20 : 1-29, 1983

16 Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, "Report of academic research for Namjimi Cave" 10-16, 2011

17 Smith, C.L., "Reconstructing hemispheric-scale climates from multiple stalagmite records" 26 : 1417-1424, 2006

18 Gascoyne, M., "Rates of cave and landform development in the Yorkshire Dales from speleothem age data" 8 : 557-568, 1983

19 Goede, A., "Radiometric dating of Tasmanian speleothem: Evidence of cave evolution and climatic change" 30 : 89-100, 1983

20 Broecker, W.S., "Radiocarbon measurement and annual rings in cave formations" 185 : 93-94, 1960

21 Mcdermott, F., "Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotop variations in speleothems: a review" 23 : 901-918, 2004

22 Fairchild, I.J., "Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems" 75 : 105-153, 2006

23 Genty, D., "Mise en évidence d'alternances saisonniéres dans la structure interne des stalagmites. Intérêt pour la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements continentaux, Comptes Rendus del Academie des Sciences Série Ⅱ" 317 : 1229-1236, 1993

24 Shopov, Y.Y., "Luminescent microbanding in speleothems high-resolution chronology and paleoclimate" 22 : 407-410, 1994

25 Polyak, V.J., "Late Holocene climate and cultural changes in the Southwestern United States" 294 : 148-151, 2001

26 "Korea Meteorological Adminstration"

27 Reimer, P.J., "IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP" 51 : 1111-1150, 2009

28 Cruz, F.W.Jr., "Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil" 434 : 63-66, 2005

29 Won, C.K., "Geological report of the Seongsan sheet. Jeju Island"

30 Gradziňski, M., "Environmental controls of origin of the annually varved calcite speleothems" 1 : 81-84, 1997

31 Tan, M., "Cyclic rapid warming on centennial-scale revealed by a 2650-year stalagmite record of warm season temperature" 30 : 191-194, 2003

32 Dorale, J.A., "Climate and vegitation history of the mid-continent from 75 to 25 Ka: A speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missouri, USA" 282 : 1871-1874, 1998

33 Stuiver, M., "Changes in atmospheric carbon-14 attributed to a variable sun" 207 : 11-19, 1980

34 Mcdermott, F., "Centenial-scale holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolution speleothem δ18O record from SW Ireland" 294 : 1328-1331, 2001

35 Henderson, G.M., "Caving in to new chronologies" 313 : 620-622, 2006

36 Davis, W. Jr., "Carbon-14 production in nuclear reactors"

37 Genty, D., "Annually laminated sequences in the internal structure of some Belgian stalagmites importance for paleoclimatology" 66 : 275-288, 1996

38 Baker, A., "Annual growth banding in a cave stalagmite" 364 : 518-520, 1993

39 Proctor, C.J., "A three thousand year record of N Atlantic climate" 19 : 449-454, 2002

40 Proctor, C.J., "A thousand year speleothem proxy record of North Atlantic climate from Scotland" 16 : 815-820, 2000

41 Gascoyne, M., "A paleotemperature record for the mid-Wisconsin in Vancouver Island" 285 : 474-476, 1980

42 Edwards, R.L., "A large drop in atmospheric 14C/12C and reduced melting in the Younger Drays, documented with 230Th ages of corals" 260 : 962-968, 1993

43 Dorale, J.A., "A high-resolution record of holocene climate change in speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave, Northest Iowa" 258 : 1626-1630, 1992

44 Edwards, R.L., "238U-234U-230Th systemarics and the precise measurement of time over the past 5000,000 years" 81 : 175-192, 1987