개성공단사업의 현황, 정책적 함의와 개선과제 = A Study on Current Status, Policy Implications and Improvement for Gaeseong Industrial Complex

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Gaeseong Industrial Complex(GIC) is a complementary and mutually beneficial inter-Korean economic cooperation project, combining South Korea’s capital and technology with North Korea’s labor and land resources. GIC is virtually jointly managed and operated by the two Koreas based on official agreements signed between South Korean industrial developers including Hyundai Asan and Korea Land and Housing Corporation(LH) and North Korea’s GIC-related organizations such as National Asia-Pacific Peace Committee and Committee for National Economic Cooperation. GIC is also in operation on the basis of inter-Korean institutional schemes established to protect invested assets and ensure safe entry, exit and stay of investors. However, GIC has inherent limitations since it is geographically located in North Korean territory and out of South Korea’s scope of control. In addition, North Korea’s several access blockage and suspension of operation based on political and military grounds significantly eroded stability and confidence of the complex. Nevertheless, GIC has never been fully shut down and continued its normal operation thanks to its strategic and policy value between the two Koreas despite a series of ups and downs. GIC has lots of implications in terms of policies: In economic perspective, GIC helps South Korean small and midsize companies find good manufacturing base and realized inter-Korean co-prosperity and economic cooperation. In political and military terms, GIC eased the North’s hostility towards the South and created peaceful mood between the two Koreas. In social and cultural policies, South and North Korean workers improved mutual understanding and restored the sense of national homogeneity. GIC also encouraged changes in North Korea. In process of preparing for unification, GIC is a inter-Korean economic community and a good example of unification preparation. On the other hand, GIC satisfies the needs of North Korea’s national policy: GIC earns foreign currency, helps learn advanced manufacturing technology and know-how on how to run an industrial complex, ensures livelihood of North Korean workers, enhances peaceful image to outside world, and creates favorable investment conditions for other economic zones. In a nutshell, GIC ‘creates peace on the Korean Peninsula and serves as a model for inter-Korean co-prosperity and unified economy.’ In this regard, GIC, which has solidified its status as a symbolic exemplary model for inter-Korean economic cooperation based on such strategic and policy values, must accomplish further expansion and development. However, a number of tasks lie ahead for further progress: 3C issues(Come-and-Go, Communication, Customs) which are regarded between the South and North Korean authorities as inter-Korean tasks to be addressed for ‘normal operation of GIC’ on August 14, 2013, globalization of GIC, reinforced protection of personnel safety, establishment and operation of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, stable supply of North Korean workers, companies’ flexible management on North Korean workers, strict compliance of law and regulations, etc. Active and sincere South and North Korean authorities-led negotiations and solutions are required to solve such diverse challenges in order to achieve further expansion and development of GIC rife with a variety of policy implications.

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