백두산정계비 설치와 김지남의 역할|RISS 상세보기

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Mt. Baikdu has been Korea’s sacred mountain throughout its 2000 years’ history. The same mountain was also recognized as the major mountain of Manchurian Ching Kingdom since its beginning in the 17th century. Border Monument on Mt. Baikdu was supposed to settle the territorial boundaries between Ching and Joseon Kingdoms, but it was not. It created border disputes constantly over the years.
Ching started to survey Mt. Baikdu in 1679. It was King Sookjong’s fifth year. King Sookjong sent a survey team to the mountain area, but the team failed to overcome the wilderness of the mountain area. The mapmaking of Hwangochonramdo(皇輿全覽圖) was the main purpose of the survey assigned, so that the map was not made possible.
The Joseon court tried to justify Mt. Baikdu as a part of her territory, because the Yalu River(鴨綠江) and the Tumen River(豆滿江) originated from Mt. Baikdu. In 1712, Ching sent an official paper to settle the border disputes. King Sookjong appointed Park Kwon(朴權) as the King’s delegate to protect Joseon’s territory. Ching’s delegate Mok Kuk-dong(穆克登) threatened the Korean delegates to remain at Haesan. So he himself climbed up the mountain with a couple of low level Korean interpreters and erected a border monument where the Yalu River and Tumen River started to divide.
Making the Yalu river as the boundary between Ching and Joseon was no dispute, but about the Tumen River was in dispute. There was another river, Tomun between Mt. Baikdu and the Tumen River. This dispute led to another dispute of Kando(間島) in the 19th century.
The official interpreter’s role in the Joseon court was important. Official interpreter Kim ji-nam persuaded the followings to the counterpart offcial of Ching :
1. He was asked to prepare 100 horses by Ching, but prepared only 40 horses ;
2. Mt. Baikdu was the part of the Joseon territory and he received guarantee from Ching.
3. He also made the lake in the top of Mt. Baikdu was the part of the Joseon territory ; and
4. He prevented censure of Ching about the massive lumbering near Mt. Baikdu.
Ching sent a survey team in order to make an official map in resolving the border disputes, but the Joseon court did not. First of all, the Joseon court did not know the importance of map making at that time. That ignorance created the border dispute of Kando in the 19th century.

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