15세기 후반 유럽 유대인의 이주와 오스만 제국의 다문화적 수용 = Migration of European Jews in the Late 15th Century: Multicultural Integration in the Ottoman Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to explore the correlation between the multicultural acceptance in the Ottoman Empire and the state development, drawing upon the theories proposed by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson in Why Nations Fail. According to this theory, the success or failure of a nation is determined by the nature of its political and economic institutions, which serve as key factors influencing the prosperity or decline of a state. Specifically, "inclusive institutions" provide opportunities for all members of society through the rule of law, protection of private property, and democratic participation, thereby leading to long-term prosperity. On the other hand, "extractive institutions" lead a state towards decline by excluding the majority of the population and allowing the elites to monopolize benefits.
The Ottoman Empire, as a representative multicultural state where multiple ethnic and religious communities coexisted, exhibited characteristics of inclusive institutions that contributed to its development and longevity. One of the notable examples of this inclusivity was the Ottoman Empire’s acceptance of the Jews expelled from the Iberian Peninsula during the Spanish Inquisition. Through the Millet System, the empire granted autonomy to diverse communities, allowing them to practice their faiths freely and manage their communal affairs. This system created stability and integration in an empire that spanned numerous ethnic and cultural groups.
The study first traces the historical background of Jewish migration to the Ottoman Empire during the late 15th century, analyzing how these migrations shaped the multicultural dynamics of the empire. Subsequently, it examines the administrative and social framework of the Millet System and its impact on the coexistence and interactions among various groups, including Jews. Lastly, the paper delves into the economic and social contributions of Jewish communities during the empire’s 15th to 17th-century peak, highlighting their significant role in trade, commerce, and state finance. By exploring the acceptance and settlement of Jews within the Ottoman Empire, this study demonstrates how multicultural acceptance can contribute to state development. Furthermore, it provides historical insights relevant to resolving multicultural conflicts in contemporary societies and proposes strategies for achieving social integration.

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