유엔기후변화협약 하의 기술-재정 메커니즘 간 기술지원 연계 방안 연구: 정책통합 이론에 기반하여

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Under the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), ‘climate finance’ and ‘climate technology’ are two important issues in terms of the support provided to developing countries. The Financial Mechanism was established in 1992 to provide financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, to developing countries for climate change response, and there are two operating entities, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) from 1992 and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) from 2010. To facilitate technology development and transfer support, the Technology Mechanism was established in 2010, and it consists of the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) as a policy arm and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) as an implementing arm. Based on these organizational developments, there has been greater recognition of the overlap between the Technology Mechanism and the Financial Mechanism in terms of technology support to developing countries. This has led to agenda-setting on the ‘linkage’ between the two Mechanisms in 2015. Since then, various cooperative activities have been discussed and undertaken amongst the TEC, the CTCN, GCF, and GEF. Particularly, the CTCN, which provides technical assistance to developing countries, has collaborated with the GCF and the GEF in technology support. However, there has been a considerable contestation between developed and developing countries over the degree of linkage between the CTCN and the GEF and GCF. From this context, this paper attempts to analyze the current status of linkage of the CTCN with the GCF and the GEF on the grounds of policy integration theory. Focusing on substantive and procedural policy instruments that constitute one of the dimensions of the policy integration approach, this paper utilizes the consistency of policy instruments as an indicator of the extent of policy integration. For analytical targets, i) the CTCN’s Technical Assistance program, ii) the GCF’s Readiness and Preparatory Support Program, and iii) the GEF’s Global Project of the Poznan Strategic Program for Technology Transfer are selected. For each program, this paper examines how these programs are procedurally and substantively integrated under the three aspects of i) technology support procedures, ii) project proposal submission requirements, and iii) project selection criteria. The results suggest that a considerable level of procedural integration has been attained. However, from the substantive aspect, there are still inconsistencies among the CTCN and the GEF and GCF due to different approaches to financing. This paper concludes with policy suggestions on substantive adjustments of the CTCN’s technical assistance program to be better harmonized with the programs of the GCF and the GEF.

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