This paper focuses on why individual investors continue to invest despite the experience of loss in the neoliberal Korean society where the financialization of the economy and the globalization of finance are accelerating. To answer this question, the...
This paper focuses on why individual investors continue to invest despite the experience of loss in the neoliberal Korean society where the financialization of the economy and the globalization of finance are accelerating. To answer this question, the researcher conducted a field study in the Roal maemae-bang, a shared trading room for individual investors. Detailed questions to answer the research question are as follows. First, the researcher will analyze the individual perception / psychology of investment failure by exploring the process of losing money. Second, the researcher will examine what socioeconomic background and personal experience render people to become individual investors. Third, by examining the process of rising and falling of the Korean finance market, the researcher will explore the collective and personal experience of individual investors who have responded to the changes in the stock market and government policy. Fourth, the researcher will analyze the what is the nature of the financial market and what kind of logic and response strategies are internalized in order to sustain investment despite the fact that the absolute majority in maemae-bang had failed in the past. The process by which an individual investor fails through trading stocks is a three-step process. In the first stage, individual investors set foot on the financial world through 'luck of the novice'. In the second stage, individual investors inject capital and increase their size in earnest, while experiencing overconfidence bias and confirmation bias. In the third stage, investors use the 'water riding' technique to increase the loss scale. This kind of analysis from behavioral financial framework is useful in that it deals with the cognitive and psychological causes of failure. However, it also shows the limitations confined to the assumption that the failure is resulted from individual investors’ “free" choices. To critically reflect on this perspective, this paper attempted to show that the choice of individual full-time investors is also the product of economic and cultural structures. The individual investors in Roal maemae-bang are 4050 middle-aged men who are responsible for supporting the family's livelihood even after early retirement due to neoliberal labor flexibility policy after the IMF crisis(1997). After their various attempts and failures, ranging from personal business, re-employment, physical labor and personal bankruptcy, they choose to invest in stocks and derivatives, which they experienced through employee stock ownership plan since IMF crisis. Full-time individual investors internalize the mirage that trading stocks and derivative is a shortcut to enjoying economic freedom and the perception that full-time investment is advantageous over individual business or re-employment. The understand the weak odds of success and they should be the one who is responsible for every consequence of trading. However, they rationalize their situation by leaning on the sweet dream of ‘economic freedom'. But unfortunately, their dreams are merely a dream, as proven by the vast majority of people who had to leave to trading room after losing all money. Individual investors in Roal maemae-bang have to pay monthly fees and incidental expenses while losing money. Socio-cultural analysis is useful in understanding their behavior rather than economic one. The maemae-bang serves as a space where you can commute daily in order to avoid being seen as ‘unemployed' or 'incompetent'. As a patriarch, maemae-bang is a comfortable place to save their faces. However, this function of maemae-bang has the effect that the individual investors becomes disconnected and alienated from the external society and their social relations as time goes by. Roal maemae-bang functioned as a space to provide emotional satisfaction and bond to the socially and culturally distressed people during the boom of the financial market in 2007-2014. However, these functions are gradually diminishing as the financial market changes. As box-pattern lasts for years and the Korean government starts to regulate trading foreign derivatives since 2015, Roal maemae-bang is no longer a space that creates atmosphere that trading can be done through loss. Nevertheless, the reason why investors in Roal maemae-bang continue to invest is because they penetrate the characteristics of the financial market. They actively recognize the political and economic conditions that form the financial market and makes an active choice to overcome it. By penetrating the fact that there is a big opportunity to succeed in financial market once or twice in every 10 year when the value of money declines due to quantitative easing, individual investors reduce the loss through risk management and establishes a strategy to keep it until the right time. In addition, they partially penetrate the superiority of institutional investors as well as stock price manipulation. However, rather than leaving the financial market, they set another strategy to make profit in this circumstance. Individual investors also set up various trading principles, internalize the ascetic values and strive to keep them. However, the emphasis on these principles and values only means the difficulty to keep them. They strive to rationalize their failures and alleviate their suffering by using ideas such as ‘paying tuition' or ’Life is challenge'. This notion ease the pain caused by loss and stimulates the addiction to carry out trading again. The addiction to investment and its repeated failures are not only economic losses but also the risk of devastating the individual's spiritual world as a “slave of stock" caught in materialism. Recognizing this, individual investors try no to fall into this condition by themselves or criticize the government's passive regulation. Market Capitalism as legal system of the nation and the cultural drive of neoliberalism are increasingly attracting individual investors into the financial market. They are still dreaming success and hope in the vicious circle of challenge and failure and will strive to continue doing so.