배스가 국내 호소에 서식하는 붕어 개체군에 미치는 영향 = Impact of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the Population of Korean Native Fish, Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

수생태계에서 외래종의 문제는 국내뿐만 아니라 국제적으로도 많은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 배스의 경우 높은 포식압으로 수생태계 내에서 상당한 교란 요인으로 작용하고 있으며, 환경부에서 위해종으로 선정되어 관리 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위해종인 배스가 국내토착종인붕어의 개체군에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 조사는 총7지역의 저수지에서 시행하였으며, 배스의 유무에 따라 붕어의 길이분포와 길이무게 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과 배스가 서식하는 지역의 붕어 개체군은 1년생 이하 치어의 비율이 전반적으로 높지 않았고 오히려 2년생 이상의 큰 개체의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 반면 배스가 서식하지 않는 호소의 붕어 개체군은 1년생 이하의 비율이 높게 나타나 일반적인 성장 패턴을 보였다. 또한 배스의 직접적인 먹이가 되는 1년생 이하의(160 mm 이하) 붕어개체를 대상으로 길이-무게 상관관계 분석 결과 배스가 서식하지 않는 호소에서 매개변수 b값이 2.909, 배스가 서식하는 호소에서는 매개변수 b값이 3.100로 나타나 배스가 존재하는 환경에서 붕어의 무게가 상대적으로 더 빠르게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 배스의 포식에 직접적으로 영향을 받는 호소내 개체군이 생존을 위해 상대적으로 빠른 성장 전략을 사용한것으로 사료되었으며, 이와 같은 현상은 붕어뿐만 아니라 국내 토착하는 다른종에서도 유사하게 확인될 것으로 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Exotic species in aquatic ecosystem generate various problems domestically as well as globally. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) which is a well-known exotic species globally, acts as a substantial disturbance factor on the native fish communities in Korea due to the high predation pressure and hence designated as a ecologically harmful species by Ministry of Environment. In this study, we investigated the impact of largemouth bass on Korean native fish population, crucian carp (Carassius auratus), to identify responses of the prey fish. Two fish species were collected at seven reservoirs distributed at the Nakdong River catchment area, and changes in lengthfrequency and length-weight relationship (LWR) were analysed depending on existence of largemouth bass. At bass absent sites, ratio of under age 1 year individuals were small, and over age two years were dominant. Conversely, normal length-frequency distribution pattern was identified at bass absent sites. The LWR of crucian carp (fish smaller than total length of 160 mm were only considered as it is frequently consumed by bass predation) was different depending upon bass existence. The value of parameter b at bass absent reservoirs was 2.909, which was smaller than that of bass present reservoirs, 3.100. Our results imply that crucian carp at bass present reservoirs presented a different strategy to survive from predation by bass, through relatively rapid growth. We propose that other native species might have similar growth strategies like crucian carp.

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