This study is based on the trust model, published in 1995 by Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman, which proposed that the factors affecting trust are integrity, ability, and benevolence. Using the news articles from 1981 to 2010 on the online version of New Y...
This study is based on the trust model, published in 1995 by Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman, which proposed that the factors affecting trust are integrity, ability, and benevolence. Using the news articles from 1981 to 2010 on the online version of New York Times (www.nytime.com), we study how information technology was applied to the three factors and how those factors affected trust building. In order to make the unstructured news article, we transformed the articles into a database with eleven fields. The fields are: 1) Date of article published 2) Trust environment 3) Technology base (networked system/stand-alone system) 4) Trustor 5) Trustee 6) Antecedent of trust (integrity/ability/benevolence) 7) Type of risk 8) Information technology involved 9) Phase of information system development (Phase 1/2/3) 10) Impact on trust building (Positive/Negative) 11) Title of article.
Research hypotheses are as follows: 1) For articles which deal with integrity, the ratio of articles with negative impact on trust will be higher than the articles with positive impact on trust. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that a trusted party dealing with integrity antecedent is supposed to keep the integrity and the news article will point out the malpractice of it.
2) Compared with integrity, articles which deal with benevolence will more likely to report positive impact on trust than negative one. The assumption is based on the fact that even though trusted party is not obliged to do benevolent actions, the trusted party acts for trustor's benefits.
3) According to Gorry and Scott-Morton (1989), as information technology advances, it will be more likely applied to solve unstructured problems than structure problems. Since integrity is to keep specific rules, we can argue that integrity-related problem is highly structured, whereas benevolence-related problem is most unstructured. Based on the last 30 year information technology development, we investigate whether that assumption is relevant to trust related environment.
Major findings of the study are the following. We identified 91 relevant cases from the New York Times from 1981 to 2010. The number of cases dealing with integrity, ability, and benevolence is 44, 40, and 7, respectively. Eighty six percent of the integrity-related cases deal with negative impact on trust, while the ratios of positive impact on trust from ability and benevolence are 70% and 71%, respectively. The results clearly support the first research hypothesis. For hypothesis 2, the number of cases of benevolence is 7, and 5 of the cases, or 71%, show positive impacts. The ratio itself supports the hypothesis. However, the level of generalizability is low since the number of cases used is quite few. Regarding the hypothesis 3, we divided the last 30 years into three periods: First period spans from 1981 to 1993, characterized by the prior to and dawn of the Internet. Second period is from 1994 to 1999 when the Internet infrastructure was strengthened and we saw events like IT bubble collapse and Y2K. During the third period of 2000-2010, the Internet becomes matured along with many new business models. Based on the three phases of information technology development, the counts of integrity related cases dealing with structured problems are 5, 13, and 26, while the numbers of cases of benevolence during the three periods, whose problem is most unstructured, are 0, 3, and 4. From the results, we conclude that the hypothesis 3 is not supported. A possible explanation is that the last 30 years we have experienced radical changes in information technology and unprecedented Internet business models. In the turmoil we tended to react to the changes and to solve integrity problems, which left little room to level up the capability of information technology to solve unstructured problems like benevolence.