In this paper, major factors affecting solution accuracy of metal forming simulation are discussed and the accuracy of the metal forming simulator AFDEX is validated, which is of great importance for the case studies in the two companion papers on maj...
In this paper, major factors affecting solution accuracy of metal forming simulation are discussed and the accuracy of the metal forming simulator AFDEX is validated, which is of great importance for the case studies in the two companion papers on major defects in cold forging using the metal forming simulation technique. The defect formation of the representative defects found from the related literature or industry shopfloors are revealed by the finite element method. The predictions of defect formation are seen through metal flow lines or state variables including effective strain and damage.