용도지역제 없이 도시계획하기: 미국 휴스턴 시 사례에 대한 재검토 = Urban Planning of an Unzoned City: A Review on the Case of Houston, TX

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 미국 휴스턴 시가 어떻게 용도지역제 없이 토지이용 체계를 관리해 나가는지 알아본다. 휴스턴의 토지이용은 그 이미지와 달리 계획적 관리를 통해 이루어지고 있다. 다양한 규제수단을 통해 ‘사실상의’ 용도지역제와 같은 효과가 얻어지고 있다. 휴스턴 도시관리를 해석하는 이론적 틀이 되는 코우즈의 정리는 휴스턴 사례를 통해 몇 가지 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 토지이용관리의 다양한 접근은 합리적이라는 전제하에서 표면적으로 유사한 결과를 산출한다. 둘째, 하지만 현실에서는 거래비용이 존재하기 때문에 부수적인 사회적 비용이 발생한다. 이는 형평성 측면에서 협상력이 취약한 사회적 약자들이 배제되는 결과로 나타나고 있으며, 효율성 측면에서 예측가능성의 저하, 개발기간의 증가로 인한 비용의 증가 등의 결과로 이어진다. 이러한 개발비용은 전가를 통해 최종 수요자인 휴스턴 시민들이 부담하게 된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study reviews how Houston, TX manages the land use system without zoning. Unlike its popular image, Houston's land use is coordinated through planned management. Through various regulatory measures, effects of ‘de facto’ zoning are being achieved. Coase's theorem, which is a theoretical framework for interpreting urban management in Houston, provides a few implications through Houston's case. First, the varied approaches for land use management yield superficially similar results on the premise that they are reasonable. Second, in reality, however, additional social costs result from the existence of transaction costs. This results in the exclusion of disadvantaged groups with weak bargaining power in terms of equity. In terms of efficiency, it reduces predictability and increases some costs due to added development period. Eventually, these development costs are transferred to the Houston citizens who are end-users.

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