한국 온천 개발의 특성 및 문제점 = A Study on the hot spring resort developmental characteristics and problem in Korea.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Currently the hot spring resorts in Korea are undergoing fast developments to increase regional promotions based on enactment of hot spring Act of 1981 and a system of self-government of 1995. The main features of the hot spring resort developments in Korea are based on standardized development of public bath and lodging facilities.
The main factors that affect regions of hot spring resort development were analyzed. In this study, the nationwide historical, institutional, and regional expansion was clarified and the significance of relationships between capital subjects and local community was emphasized using previous case studies.
An attempt was made to understand hot spring resort development processes in Korea, division of periods was made centered on characteristics of hot spring resort development investment and operation subjects. Firstly, the important turning points in hot spring developments in Korea are genuine participation of Japanese after World War Ⅱ in development and expansion, enactment of Hot Spring Act of 1981, and beginning of regional self-government since 1995. With consideration of these important factors, Korean hot spring resort developments can be divided into 5 different periods.
1. The former age of hot spring development: before 1876
2. The early age of hot spring development: 1876~1945
3. The preparation age of hot spring development: 1960~1980
4. The excess development age of hot spring development: 1981~1994
5. The self-government leading age of hot spring development: after 1995
The contents and procedures of Korean Hot Spring Act were analyzed and pointed out problems that arise in real hot spring development situations based on legal standards. In addition, participation of regions in hot spring resort development, attraction of foreign and domestic capital, and management situations due to self-government were examined. Furthermore, hot spring resorts were classified based on development effect, tourism market growth, and characteristics of capital management.
Firstly, according to Korean Hot Spring Act, the standard temperature of hot spring is above 25 degrees Celsius. The evidence of this standard; however, is not clear. In addition, the extraction of hot spring using mechanical devices causes reduction in underground water level. In particular, the absence of standard hot spring composition creates vast confusion in hot spring resort development. These ambiguities in standards for hot spring development, frequently created developments of uniform hot spring facilities and accommodations that are based on private capital, and rational installation of these facilities is not taken into consideration. Thus, due to the problems in the Korean Hot Spring Act in itself Korean hot spring functions are being weakened and characteristics in hot spring regions are declining.
The main reason that self-governed regions actively attract hot spring resort development is due to its benefits accrued to the economy; particularly, increase in employment opportunities. Despite self-governments active promotion in hot spring resort development and active advertising when various hot spring development projects are established, many developments were discontinued due to problems such as developers poor financial management, self-governments administration weakening, and inter-regional conflicts for self-interests.
Currently, with reference to Korean hot spring resort developments and regional characteristics, a large number of famous hot spring resorts are located in the vicinity of highways and railroads, and in the proximities of Seoul. Recently, there has been an increase in hot spring resort developments and usage within large cities, with its main functional use increasingly for recreational purposes. The national average for excavation depth of hot spring is 590 meters, and 60 percent of hot springs have an excavation depth of 500 meters or above. Also, the national average for hot spring is 30 degrees Celsius; however, temperatures of recent hot spring development is below the national average. Furthermore, in comparing the amounts of usage per capita and available usage area, according to Korean Natural Research Center standards, the usage per capita exceeds 3 to 4 times that of usage area, suggesting the excessive usage of hot spring resorts in Korea.
Today, Korean hot spring resort developments need to emphasize the connection between tourism destinations corresponding to various tourist needs. Self-government has to make plans based on the residents opinion and locality. Furthermore, rational hot spring resource plan is required to protect hot spring resource and most importantly, self-governments sound operational ability is required to implement sustainable development and environmental conservation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• 1. 연구배경
• 2. 선행연구분석
• 3. 연구목적
• Ⅱ. 발달과정의 시대적 구분
• 1. 온천지 개발 이전기
• 2. 온천지 개발 초기
• 3. 온천지 개발 정비기
• 4. 온천지 개발 과잉 발전기
• 5. 온천지 개발의 지자체 주도기
• Ⅲ. 온천법제도의 적용 및 한계점
• 1. 온도에 관한 규정
• 2. 온천성분에 관한 규정
• 3. 온천지구면적과 채수량에 관한 규정
• Ⅳ. 온천의 개발 및 이용상의 특성
• 1. 온천 개발의 현황
• 2. 온천 이용상의 현황
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT