스포츠 속 공정에 관한 비판적 고찰: McKinnon의 주장을 중심으로 = An Analysis of McKinnon’s Thesis on Fairness in Sport

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the problem of luck, which determines the starting line of competition in sport, in relation to fairness, and critically reviews McKinnon’s argument, which finds that the ability of athletes is not a result of their own choices or efforts, but of ‘natural lottery’. This paper clarifies the significance and limitation of McKinnon’s ‘equal luck’ thesis; he claims that it is entirely a matter of luck as to who was born with a gene that favors the sport, and that it is unfair and unjust for only some lucky players to take all the rewards and praise not earned through their efforts. To this end, this paper 1) examines the meaning of fairness in sport in terms of justice, 2) investigates some cases and reasons for fairness controversy, and 3) critically analyzes McKinnon’s plan to lessen inequalities which rise from the structural problem of luck determining the starting point of a competition. The main criticism of this paper on McKinnon’s claim of ‘equal luck’ in sport can be divided into three categories. The first is that there is a lack of understanding of the intrinsic purpose of sport competition; the second is that the concepts of fairness and equality must be distinguished; and the third is that although genetically innate talents are not available to all athletes, such talents are a priori and natural rights for those who were given them and cannot be violated. There are not many studies that approach fairness and justice in sport from the perspective of luck egalitarianism. In that context, this study is expected to serve as an opportunity to reexamine the meaning and standards of fairness in sport.

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