The Effects of Motivations and Satisfaction on Revisit Intention: The Case of Foreign Backpackers in Vietnam

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objectives of this study, which examined foreign backpackers visiting Vietnam, are twofold: (a) to identify their motivational dimensions (i.e., self-development, self-challenge, self-enjoyment, self-achievement, word-of-mouth, and having no alternatives) and (b) to investigate the relationships among their motivations, satisfaction, and revisit intention. A total of 401 responses were collected in Da Nang and Hoi An, two coastal cities in Vietnam, of which 382 were found valid for analysis. Employing exploratory factor analysis, this study isolated six factors impacting backpack-tourist motivation. All motivations, except for having no alternatives, positively and significantly affected traveler satisfaction. In particular, self-enjoyment was the most influential dimension driving traveler satisfaction, while traveler satisfaction positively affected revisit intention as well.
This study provides suggestions for tourism organizations and will be a significant contribution to the literature on the field of backpacker tourism

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Loker-Murphy, L., "Young budget travelers: Backpackers in Australia" 22 (22): 819-843, 1995

2 Alves, S., "WOM antecedents in backpacker travelers" 69 (69): 1851-1856, 2016

3 Mahadevan, R., "Understanding senior self-drive tourism in Australia using a contingency behavior model" 53 (53): 252-259, 2014

4 Ho, C.-H., "Travel motivation for Taiwanese hearing-impaired backpackers" 22 (22): 449-464, 2017

5 Antón, C., "Towards a new approach of destination royalty drivers: Satisfaction, visit intensity and tourist motivation" 20 (20): 238-260, 2017

6 Chen, G., "Toward a theory of backpacker personal development: Cross-cultural validation of the BPD scale" 59 : 630-639, 2017

7 Hindle, N., "Tourism development and the backpacker market in Highland Scotland" 15 (15): 178-192, 2015

8 Law, R., "The relevance of profiling travel activities for improving destination marketing strategies" 16 (16): 355-362, 2004

9 Battour, M., "The mediating role of tourist satisfaction: A study of Muslim tourists in Malaysia" 29 (29): 279-297, 2012

10 Suntikul, W., "The influence of foreign direct investment on accommodation patterns in Vietnam as a result of the open-door policy" 13 (13): 261-277, 2010

11 Preko, A., "The future of youth tourism in Ghana: Motives, satisfaction and behavioural intention"

12 Zeithaml, V., "The behavioral consequences of service quality" 60 (60): 31-46, 1996

13 Anderson, J. C., "Structural Equation Modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach" 103 (103): 411-423, 1988

14 Trinh, T. T., "Souvenir sellers and perceptions of authenticity-The retailers of Hoi An, Vietnam" 45 : 275-283, 2014

15 Bui, H. T., "Social interactions among Asia backpacker:Scale development and validation" 21 (21): 1097-1114, 2018

16 Qui, H., "Self-drive tourism attributes: Influences on satisfaction and behavioural intention" 23 (23): 395-407, 2018

17 Chen, G., "Segmenting Chinese backpackers by travel motivations" 16 : 355-367, 2014

18 Elsrud, T., "Risk creation in traveling: Backpackers adventure narration" 28 (28): 597-617, 2001

19 Musa, G., "Red Palm: Exploring service quality and servicescape of the best backpacker hostel in Asia" 14 (14): 103-120, 2011

20 Jani, D., "Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience, and loyalty:Testing their relationships in the hotel industry" 37 : 11-20, 2014

21 Chen, G., "Motivations of repeat visits: A longitudinal study in Xiamen, China" 30 (30): 350-364, 2013

22 Allon, F., "Intimate encounters: The embodied transnationalism of backpackers and independent travellers" 16 (16): 11-22, 2010

23 Lou, X., "Host perceptions of backpackers:Examining the influence of intergroup contact" 50 : 292-305, 2015

24 Sroypetch, S., "Host and backpacker perceptions of environmental impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the Yasawa Islands, Fiji" 18 (18): 203-213, 2018

25 Paris, C. M., "Flashpacking: An emerging sub-culture?" 39 (39): 1094-1115, 2012

26 Murphy, L., "Exploring social interactions of backpackers" 28 (28): 50-67, 2001

27 Hsu, C. H. C., "Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model" 49 (49): 282-296, 2010

28 Xia, W., "Examining antecedents and consequences of tourist satisfaction: A structural modeling approach" 14 (14): 397-406, 2009

29 Cohen, E., "Educational dark tourism at an in populo site: The Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem" 38 (38): 139-209, 2011

30 Pearce, P. L., "Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation" 43 (43): 226-237, 2005

31 Sun, X., "Developing destination loyalty: The case of Hainan Island" 43 : 547-577, 2013

32 Chen, G., "Developing a scale to measure backpackers’personal development" 53 (53): 522-536, 2014

33 Szymanski, D. M., "Customer satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence" 29 (29): 16-35, 2001

34 Dayour, F., "Backpackers’ perceived risk towards smartphone usage and risk reduction strategies: A mixed methods study" 72 : 52-68, 2019

35 Nok, L. C., "Backpackers in Hong Kong-motivations, preferences and contribution to sustainable tourism" 34 (34): 1058-1070, 2017

36 Larsen, S., "Backpackers and mainstreamers: Realities and myths" 38 (38): 690-707, 2011

37 Sixaba, Z., "Backpacker tourism: An analysis of travel motivation" University of the Western Cape 2013

38 Paris, C. M., "Backpacker motivations: A travel career approach" 19 : 244-259, 2010

39 Chen, G., "Backpacker identity: Scale development and validation"

40 Han, H., "An investigation of green hotel customers’ decision formation: Developing an extended model of the theory of planned behavior" 29 (29): 659-668, 2010

41 Yoon, Y., "An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model" 26 (26): 45-56, 2005

42 Truong, T. H., "An evaluation of satisfaction levels among Chinese tourists in Vietnam" 11 : 521-535, 2009

43 Hoi An World Heritage, "An ancient town welcomes the 6 millionth visitor!"

44 Zhang, J., "Am I a backpacker? Factors indicating the social identity of Chinese backpackers" 57 (57): 525-539, 2018

45 Pearce, P. L., "A “university of travel”: Backpacker learning" 28 (28): 1285-1298, 2007

46 Li, X., "A systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors via a two-phase online survey" 29 : 278-293, 2008

47 Hatcher, L., "A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling" SAS Institute 1994

48 Cong, L., "A formation model of the relationship between destination quality, tourist satisfaction and intentional loyalty: An empirical test in Vietnam" 26 : 50-62, 2016

49 Oliver, R. L., "A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions" 17 : 460-469, 1980