국제기구를 이용한 회원국의 의무 면탈 = Circumvention of Obligations by a State Member of an International Organization

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2011년 국제기구의 책임에 관한 규정 초안 제61조는 국제기구 회원국의 의무 면탈 책임에 관한 일반 규칙으로 성안된 것으로서, 2001년 국가의 국제위법행위 책임에 관한 규정초안에는 그에 상응하는 조항이 없는 새로운 규정이다. 이 조에 따르면, 국제기구의 회원국은 그 국제의무의 대상에 관한 권한을 그 기구가 가지고 있음을 이용하여 만약 자신이 했더라면 그 국제의무의 위반이었을 그 기구의 행위를 야기함으로써 자신의 국제의무를 면탈하는 경우 국제책임을 진다. 이 조의 조문은 수정과 재수정을 거친 것이며 그 주해는 이과정에서 대두된 여러 쟁점들에 대한 논의를 반영한 것이지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 불분명한 요소가 없는 것은 아니다. 이 글에서는 이 조의 조문과 그 주해에도 불구하고 여전히남아 있는 것으로 보이는 불분명한 요소들을 구체적으로 적시하고자 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Article 61 of the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations of 2011 is purported to be a general rule on the circumvention of obligations by a State member of an international organization. This is a new provision in the sense that there is no corresponding article in the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts of 2001. According to this article, A State member of an international organization incurs international responsibility if, by taking advantage of the fact that the organization has competence in relation to the subject-matter of one of the State’s international obligations, it circumvents that obligation by causing the organization to commit an act that, if committed by the State, would have constituted a breach of the obligation. Although the text of this article and the commentaries thereto reflects the results of the debates, there remains some obscurity in this article. This paper aims at pointing out those obscurities concretely as far as possible.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "Waite and Kennedy v. Germany, Application no. 26083/94"

2 "The State of the Netherlands (Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Foreign Affairs) v. Hassan Nuhanović, Judgment of 6 September 2013, Supreme Court of the Netherlands (First Chamber), 12/03324"

3 Martín, C., "The Responsibility of Members Due to Wrongful Acts of International Organizations" 12 : 679-, 2013

4 Ryngaert, C., "The European Court of Human Rights’s Approach to the Responsibility of Member States in Connection with Acts of International Organizations" 60 : 997-, 2011

5 Paasivirta, E., "Responsibility of a Member State of an International Organization: Where Will It Ends?, Comments on Article 60 of the ILC Draft on Responsibility of International Organizations" 7 : 49-, 2010

6 Nedelski, N., "Responsibility of International Organizations ‘in connection with acts of States’" 9 : 33-, 2012

7 Daugirdas, K., "Reputation and the Responsibility of International Organizations" 25 (25): 91-, 2014

8 "Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1949"

9 Murray, O., "Piercing the Corporate Veil: The Responsibility of Member States of an International Organization" 8 : 291-, 2011

10 Institut de Droit International, "Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-fulfillment by International Organizations of their Obligations towards Third Parties: Resolution"

11 Institut de Droit International, "Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-fulfillment by International Organizations of their Obligations towards Third Parties: Preliminary Exposé and Draft Questionnaire" 66 : 251-, 1995

12 "Gasparini v. Italy and Belgium, Application no. 10750/03"

13 Šturma, P., "Drawing a Line between the Responsibility of an International Organization and Its Member States under International Law" 2 : 3-, 2011

14 International Law Commission, "Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries, 2001, Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its Fifty-third session"

15 International Law Commission, "Draft Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations, with Commentaries, 2011, Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its Sixty-third session"

16 "Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1992"

17 "Bosphorus Hava Yollari Turizm ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v. Ireland, Application no. 45036/98"

18 "Al-Dulimi and Montana Management Inc. v. Switzerland, Application no. 5809/08"

19 "Al-Dulimi and Montana Management Inc. v. Switzerland, Application no. 5809/08"

20 "Administrative Tribunal of the ILO, Judgment No. 2232"

21 D’Aspremont, J., "Abuse of the Legal Personality of International Organizations and the Responsibility of Member States" 4 : 91-, 2007