In Joseon Dynasty, agriculture was the back bone of national economy. Therefore, policies related to the agriculture took the higher priority than others. During the busy farming season, the subject mobilization is prohibited to have them focusing in ...
In Joseon Dynasty, agriculture was the back bone of national economy. Therefore, policies related to the agriculture took the higher priority than others. During the busy farming season, the subject mobilization is prohibited to have them focusing in farming. And, plowing using cows were promoted because plowing fields using cows were efficient for the deeper plowing depth greatly increasing the production. Therefore, from the Early Joseon Dynasty, the strong policy had been enforced to prohibit cow slaughtering. Reviewing records related to this policy, it is easily considered that the cow slaughtering was completed prevented from the Early Josheon Dynasty.
However, according to currently remaining old documents, number of petitions requesting for approval to slaughter cows finds to be more than expected. Therefore, this study reveals the actual scene by investigating what cases allowed to slaughter cow and how the approval was requested. According to petitions, the cow slaughtering was requested in case of cow’s injury, disease, accidental death or sudden death or to prepare foods for family rites or to cure or care old parents. Regional chiefs sometimes rejected, but mostly approved requests because such requests were determined to be corresponded to unavoidable cases only to be allowed from circumstances.
On the other hands, according to detail reviews on petitions for cow slaughtering, numerous suspicious parts are found. Ages of cows requested for slaughtering were only 1~2 years olds so that the price for beef would have been high in market. Some accidental or sudden death claimed to be happened for unknown reasons are highly possible to be manipulated cases. And some approvals are questionable as being used for many slaughters. Also, from the fact, more than 10 petitions were preserved in one family, implies the possibility of the existence of professional cow slaughter or beef seller or mediator in the family.
The policy prohibiting cow slaughtering was establish basically without considering the various realities in Joseon society. Thus, the law existed, but was not complied. And the enforcement was repeatedly reinforced and loosen. The gap between the law and the reality was large. However, performing the policy flexibly by adjusting was failed. Since corrupted regional chiefs and slaughters were filling their greedy desires using such gaps, the policy failure became more severe.