베트남 CAU 강 유역의 환경용량 산정에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to present water system management and
pollution control solution and estimate adequate environmental capacity
and waste loads allocation by environmental capacity estimation used in
domestic front in CAU River watetshed of Vietnam. As a part of
enhanced industrial wastewater treatment of Vietnam , Korea
International Cooperation Agency, KOICA and Environmental
Management Corporation conducted the project associated with water
system management and water monitoring from June, 2008 to September,
2008 for three months. CAU River has four tributarys, two lakes, five
point sources. Ten sites was selected for water quality monitoring at
Thai Nguyen region discharging the most much pollutant sources while
considering the factor influencing water quality. After elemental
uncertainty during the measurement of water quality was calculated,
combined uncertainty was estimated. As a result of, combined
uncertainty of turbidity, specific conductivity, pH, NH4
-N, NO3-N,
NO2-N, TN, TP, TOC was respectively 45∼179,923 NTU, 1.8∼168.9 ㎲/cm,
1.6∼23.5, 0.01∼0.16 mg/L, 0.02∼0.08 mg/L, 0.00 mg/L, 0.04∼0.25 mg/L,
0.02∼1.17 mg/L, 0.93∼380.94 mg/L. As a result of calculating the self
purification factor according to the section, the self purification factor of
BOD, TN, TP of section Ⅰ were respectively 0.001, 0.077, 0.378 and of
section Ⅱ was -0.119, -1.146, 2.105 and of section Ⅲ was 0.257, 0.004,
0.685. The environmental capacity of BOD, TN, TP of CAU River
respectively was 787,380∼1,006,074 kg/d, 1,326,540∼1,496,671 kg/d. 66,554
∼67,516 kg/d.
Keywords : environmental capacity, waste loads allocation, elemental
uncertainty, combined uncertainty

국문 초록 (Abstract)

베트남 북부에 위치한 CAU River는 베트남의 다른 하천에 비해 규모가
크지는 않지만 주변 지역에 발생하는 폐.하수의 유입으로 인하여 오염도가
심각한 수준이다. 특히 베트남 대부분 지역에서와 마찬가지로 이 지역에서
도 광산폐수 및 병원성 폐기물 등의 환경오염물질을 처리 할 수 있는 환경
기초시설의 절대적인 부족으로 인하여 유해성 폐.하수의 직접적인 유입이
심각한 문제인 것으로 나타나고 있다.
한국국제협력단(Korea International Cooperation Agency, KOICA) 과 환
경관리공단이 “베트남 산업폐수처리역량강화사업”의 일환으로 2008.6월～9월
(3개월)까지 전문가를 파견하여 유역관리 및 수질모니터링관련 프로젝트를
수행한바 있다.
이번 사업수행중 이 지역의 효율적인 수계관리 및 오염방지대책을 제시하
고자 국내에서 사용되고 있는 환경용량 산정기법을 이용하여 CAU River
유역의 적정환경용량 및 허용부하량을 산정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
일정유역에서의 환경용량은 총허용발생부하량과 같다는 전제하에 실제 유역
에서 발생되는 오염물질이 환경용량보다 적을 경우 그 차이는 허용부하량이
되고, 환경용량보다 발생부하량이 많을 경우 그 차가 삭감부하량이 되는 것
으로 하였다.
Cau River는 4개의 큰 지류와 2개의 큰 호수, 5개의 큰 점오염원을 가지고
있는데 가장 오염원을 많이 배출하는 Thai Nguyen 지역의 정확한 수질 영
향요소들을 고려하여 10개의 지점을 선정한 후 수질 모니터링을 실시한 결
과 탁도 10~720NTU, 전도도 4.3~22mS/cm, DO 3.9~7.4mg/L, 수온
24.4~29.9℃, pH 6.8~8.3, NH4-N 0.23~0.7mg/L, NO3-N 0.1~0.5mg/L,
NO2-N 0.01~0.054mg/L, TN 0.5~1.93mg/L, TP 0.12~5.6mg/L, TOC
2.5~16.5mg/L 의 측정값을 보였다.
수질측정시에 발생하는 요소별 불확도를 산출한 후 합성불확도를 산정한
결과 탁도 45~179923NTU, 비전도도 1.8~168.9mS/cm, pH 1.6~23.5,
NH4-N 0.01~0.16mg/L, NO3-N 0.02~0.08mg/L, NO2-N 0mg/L, TN
0.04~0.25mg/L, TP 0.02~1.17mg/L, TOC 0.93~380.94mg/L의 값을 나타냈다.
CAU 강 구간별 자정계수를 산정한 결과 Ⅰ구간에서는 BOD 0.001, TN
0.077, TP 0.378이고, Ⅱ구간에서는 BOD -0.119, TN -1.146, TP 2.105, Ⅲ
구간에서는 BOD 0.257, TN 0.004, TP 0.685로 산정되었다.
따라서 CAU강의 BOD, TN, TP의 환경용량을 산정한 결과 BOD는
787,380～1,006,074kg/d, TN은 1,326,540～1,496,671kg/d, TP는 66,554～
67,516kg/d로 나타났다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 ··················································································································· 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 ························································································································· 1
• 1.2 연구 목적 ························································································································· 3
• 제 2 장 문헌연구 ·············································································································· 4
• 2.1 환경용량 정의 ················································································································· 4
• 2.2 환경용량 산정 필요성 ·································································································· 7
• 2.3 환경용량 산정 방법 소개 ···························································································· 8
• 2.3.1 환경용량 산정을 위한 자정능력 평가 ···································································· 8
• 2.3.2 환경용량 산정을 위한 수질예측 모델 ···································································· 9
• 2.4 적용 사례 ······················································································································· 11
• 2.4.1 국내 ······························································································································ 11
• 2.4.2 해외 ······························································································································ 14
• 제 3 장 베트남 CAU강 유역 조사 ····································································· 16
• 3.1 유역 현황 ······················································································································· 16
• 3.1.1 지리적 특성 ················································································································ 16
• 3.1.2 수리수문학적 특성 ···································································································· 18
• 3.1.3 사회적․경제적 특성 ································································································ 18
• 3.1.4 자원현황 및 특성 ······································································································ 21
• 3.2 오염원 현황 ················································································································· 21
• - ii -
• 3.2.1 오염상태 ······················································································································ 21
• 3.2.2 오염원인 ······················································································································ 24
• 제 4 장 환경용량 산정 ······························································································· 32
• 4.1 산정방식 ························································································································· 32
• 4.2 산정 대상구역 선정 ···································································································· 32
• 4.2.1 Bac Kan Bridge(Site 1) ························································································· 34
• 4.2.2 Thac Gieng Bridge(Site 2) ···················································································· 35
• 4.2.3 Cho Moi Bridge(Site 3) ·························································································· 36
• 4.2.4 Du River(Site 4) ······································································································· 37
• 4.2.5 Nui Coc Lake(Site 5) ······························································································ 37
• 4.2.6 Gia Bay Bridge(Site 6) ·························································································· 38
• 4.2.7 Phong Hoang Stream(Site 7) ··············································································· 38
• 4.2.8 Luu Nhan Chu Bridge(Site 8) ·············································································· 39
• 4.2.9 Cong River(Site 9) ·································································································· 40
• 4.2.10 Vat Bridge(Site 10) ······························································································· 40
• 4.3 수질 모니터링 결과 ···································································································· 41
• 4.3.1 지점별 현장 시료 분석 결과 ·················································································· 41
• 4.3.2 측정결과 분석 ············································································································ 47
• 4.3.3 합성불확도 산출 ········································································································ 51
• 4.3.4 확장불확도 산출 ········································································································ 68
• 4.4 하류에서의 총허용유출부하량 ················································································· 70
• 4.4.1 환경용량 산정 기준유량 ·························································································· 70
• 4.4.2 환경용량 산정 항목 ·································································································· 70
• 4.4.3 환경용량 산정항목 기준농도 ·················································································· 71
• 4.4.4 총허용유출부하량 ······································································································ 72
• 4.5 유역에서의 총자정량 ·································································································· 72
• 4.5.1 총허용배출부하량 ······································································································ 72
• 4.5.2 총허용유출부하량 ······································································································ 73
• 4.5.3 총자정량 산정 ············································································································ 74
• 4.6 환경용량 산정결과 ······································································································ 74
• - iii -
• 4.7 허용 또는 삭감부하량 산정 ······················································································ 75
• 제 5 장 자정계수 산정 ······························································································· 76
• 5.1 자정계수 산정방식 ······································································································ 76
• 5.2 CAU강 구간 구분 및 수리 모식도 ········································································ 76
• 5.3 자정계수 산정구간별 유량 및 부하량 산정 ························································· 78
• 5.4 CAU 강 본류 구간별 자정계수 산정 ···································································· 79
• 제 6 장 결론 ······················································································································ 80
• 참고 문헌 ····························································································································· 82
• 감사의 글