중세시기에 교회정부의 변화과정에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article is meant to investigate the character and the limit of the church government that had been established together with the growth of church as the universal institution by analyzing its changing processes systematically.
These changing processes can be described by such three positions as the papalist position, secularist position and conciliarist position. The viewpoint and argument of each position can be summarized as the following; the papalist position, influenced by the St. Augustine’ concept of visible church, supported the form of one-man rule by the pope under which the general council as the representative body of the church government had not performed its proper role. The secularist position, influenced by St. Augustine’ concept of invisible church, sought to restrain the pope’s absolute power and normalize the church government through the corporate concept of church. The conciliarist position divided into moderate and extreme wings, accepted the corporate conception of church, but they showed different attitudes I. E. the former negative attitude and the latter positive one about the reform of church.
On balance, the secularist position and the conciliarist position all might be evaluated as the reformist groups in that they aimed to normalize the church government by reforming the corruption and malpractices of the church. Their reform efforts finally came to the end as a failure. But they had have a significant impact on the thinkers of the Reformation including M. Luther that bore the concrete fruit of reforming the church.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Bettenson, E, "The Early Christian Fathers" Oxford Univ. Press 1956

2 Marsilius of Padua, "The Defensor Pacis" Harper and Row 1956

3 St. Augustine, "The City of God" Macmillan 1949

4 Coker, F. W., "Readings in Political Philosophy" Macmillan 1955

5 Lewis, Ewart, "Medieval Political ideas" Alfred Knopf 1954

6 Ullman, Walter, "Medieval Papalism: The Political Theories of Medieval Canonists" Metheun 1949

7 Reilly, G. G., "Imperium and Sacerdotium according to St. Basil the Great" Catholic Univ. Press 1945

8 Barker, E., "From Alexander to Constantine: 1955 Passages and Documents illustrating the History of Social and Political ideas 336 BC-AD 337" Oxford Univ. Press 1956

9 Turner, C. H., "Essays on the Early History of the Church and Ministry" Macmillan 1921

10 Sabine, George, "A History of Political Theory" Dryden Press 1973