영유아 시기의 어머니 취업이 모-자녀 관계에 미치는 영향에 관한 종단적 연구 = A Longitudinal Approach to the Effects of Early Maternal Employment on Mother-Child Relationship

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to provide better understanding of longitudinal effects of early maternal employment
on mother-child relationship using 1364 families participating the NICHD Study of Early Child Care in the U.S. Based
on the information on maternal employment from 6 months after the child’s birth, three employment groups were
created: mothers who had always worked more than 30 hours per week, mother who had worked part-time or had
been inconsistently employed, and mothers who had never worked. At 36 months, mothers who had extensively
employed for the first 36 months showed significantly lower level of supportive presence compared to mothers who
had never worked. Mothers who had partly employed for the first year of child’s life displayed higher level of
supportive presence at 36 months compared to mothers in the other two 12 month employment groups. No other
significant employment group differences were found in the mothers’ respect for child’s autonomy and hostility at 36
months. At first grade, mothers in three employment groups were not different in their relationship with their
child. The findings suggested that maternal employment, specifically early extensive maternal employment, does not
consistently predict lower quality of mother-child interaction in two or three years later.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 미국 NICHD Study of Early Child Care에 참여하는 1364 가족을 대상으로 하여 어머니의 초
기취업이 이후 어머니-자녀 관계에 미치는 영향을 종단적으로 밝혀보고자 하였다. 자녀 출생 이후 6개월부터의
취업에 관한 데이터를 이용하여 자녀의 영유아기 시기에 언제나 일주일에 30시간 이상 취업해 왔던 어머니, 파
트타임으로 취업해왔거나 일부 기간 동안만 일했던 어머니, 그리고 늘 전업주부였던 어머니 집단으로 나누어 자
녀가 36개월일 때와 초등학교 1학년일 때 세 집단 간 어머니의 지지행동, 자녀 자율성 존중, 적대감의 정도를 비
교하였다. 자녀 연령 36개월까지 언제나 취업했던 어머니는 전혀 취업하지 않은 어머니에 비해 낮은 수준의 지
지행동을 36개월에 보였다. 자녀 생후 1년 동안 부분적으로만 일했던 어머니는 다른 집단 어머니에 비해 유의하
게 높은 수준의 지지행동을 보였다. 이외의 36개월에 관찰된 변수들에서는 유의한 집단 차이가 존재하지 않았
다. 초등학교 일학년 때 모-자녀 관계에서는 어머니의 36개월까지의 취업집단 및 1학년 때 취업집단 사이 모두
유의한 집단차를 찾을 수 없었다. 전반적인 결과는 어머니의 취업, 특히 영유아기의 초기 취업이 2-3년 이후 어
머니가 자녀와 가지는 상호작용의 질에 일관되게 부정적인 영향을 주지는 않는다는 점을 시사하였다.

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