미국의 전자조달법제에 대한 연구 = A Study on the E-Procurement Law & Practices in the United States

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the main characteristics of Korean public procurement system can be found active implementation of electronic procurement (e-procurement) system. Korea On-Line Procurement System(KONEPS) is a integrated e-procurement system in which notice of contract, award, contract conclusion, inspection and payment are conducted comprehensively. To have a sound legal ground for e-procurement implementation, 「Act on the Use and Facilitation of E-Procurement」 was enacted in 2013. Recently, GSA are making efforts to reform KONEPS through using new technologies like artificial intelligence(AI) and blockchain.
This article sees e-procurement law and practices in the United States(US). After many trials and errors, General Services Administration(GSA), which is a centralized procurement agency in Federal government in US, manages centralized e-procurement system which is called ‘System for Award’(SAM), and Multiple Award System which is implemented through ‘GSA Advantage!’ is widely used by both Federal and State/local governments. Recently, GSA introduced public entity’s purchasing from the commercial e-marketplace such as Amazon through Government Purchase Card(GPC) under micro purchase threshold. State and local government manages their own e-procurement system respectively.
When comparing e-procurement law and practices in Korea with those of US, Korea focuses on highly centralized E-Procurement Model, while US uses less centralized E-Procurement Model complemented by E-Marketplace Model. Korea’s highly centralized E-Procurement Model has merits that overlapping investment to e-procurement system in each procuring agency can be avoided, however it can be a hurdle to customized purchasing of end-users. To address this issue, KONEPS should be reformed to entail more user-friendly platform, and purchasing from the commercial e-marketplace should be allowed in certain scope. Furthermore, local government should have room for using e-procurement system in private sector to enhance decentralized procurement.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김수홍, "지능형 전자정부의 구현을 위한 전자조달법제연구" 한국법제연구원 2017

2 홍준형, "정책수단에 대한 법적 접근" 한국행정연구소 47 (47): 1-20, 2009

3 김재진, "예산절감을 위한 정부구매카드제도의 개선방향" 2008

4 최선희, "영국의 전자조달 정책과 시사점" 14 (14): 2002

5 육소영, "미국의 전자조달제도" 3 (3): 2012

6 김성배, "미국의 공공조달법제와 조달방식의 발전과 GAO의 감사개혁방향" 한국공법학회 48 (48): 61-85, 2019

7 전현철, "미국 연방(聯邦)정부 조달계약에 관한 법적 고찰" 미국헌법학회 23 (23): 261-296, 2012

8 박지현, "디지털 전환 시대의 국경간 전자조달논의 동향과 시사점" 대외경제정책연구원 2021

9 김대인, "다수공급자계약의 법률관계" 3 (3): 2012

10 김상민 ; 이현수, "국가종합전자조달시스템의 제도 및프로세스 고찰을 통한 개선 방향 연구" 한국디지털정책학회 15 (15): 23-35, 2017

11 이일규, "국가종합전자조달(GePS)시스템에 관한 소고 : 조달관련 법령 및 제도 개선 사항을 중심으로" (15) : 2002

12 선지원 ; 김경훈, "공법 영역에서의 스마트컨트랙트 활용의 법적 문제" 한국법정책학회 19 (19): 25-52, 2019

13 김정포, "공공조달과 민간 쇼핑몰 협업 해외사례 검토 및 시사점" 2021

14 정상기, "공공부문 조달업무 전자화 전면시행을 위한 법제도 연구" 정보통신정책연구원 1999

15 정도영, "공공기관 자체조달시스템 운영 현황 및 조달시스템 통합방안" 국회입법조사처 2016

16 박경철, "경기도 공정조달 추진방안 및 시스템 구축방안" 경기연구원 2020

17 Halchin, L. Elaine, "Transforming Government Acquisition Systems : Overview and Selected Issues"

18 NASPO, "The Value of eProcurement/ERP Solutions"

19 Reddick, Christopher G., "The Growth of E-Procurement in American State Governments: A Model and Empirical Evidence" 4 (4): 151-176, 2004

20 Olmstead, Lauren, "The Amazon-ization of Federal Procurement: Using the Uniform Commercial Code to Moderate an Inevitable Innovation" 48 : 101-, 2018

21 Yi, Sylvia, "State and Local Governments: Ditch the GSA Schedule and Do it Yourself" 44 : 573-, 2015

22 Moon, M. Jae, "State Government E-Procurement in the Information Age: Issues, Practices, and Trends"

23 "Section 809 Panel, Report of the Advisory Panel on Streamlining and Codifying Acquisition Regulations, Vol. 1" 2018

24 Rader, Craig, "Sacramento County, CA is e-Procurement Pioneer"

25 GAO, "Review of the GSA Advantage! - System Report" 2005

26 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Office of Inspector General, "Review of PRISM Automated Procurement System Support Contracts"

27 EPA, "Review of Federal E-Procurement Systems for Sustainable Purchasing Integration"

28 National Performance Review, "Reinventing Federal Procurement"

29 GSA, "Procurement Through Commercial E-Commerce Portals – Business Model Cost Estimate Analysis" 2021

30 GSA, "Procurement Through Commercial E-Commerce Portals - Phase III Report: Program Implementation Guidance" 2020

31 GSA, "Procurement Through Commercial E-Commerce Portals - Phase II Report: Market Research & Consultation" 2019

32 GSA, "Procurement Through Commercial E-Commerce Portals - Implementation Plan" 2018

33 Bunting, Timothy, "Play it Again, SAM: Taking Another Look at How Supplies and Services are Classified" 42 : 549-, 2013

34 GAO, "Plans to Measure Progress and Monitor Data Protection Efforts Need Further Development" 2021

35 김대인, "Legal Issues in Facilitation, Fair-Use of E-Procurement System - Lessons from Korean Experience" 한국법제연구원 9 (9): 1-28, 2019

36 OECD, "Government at a Glance 2017"

37 Yukins, Christopher R, "GSA’s Commercial Marketplaces Initiative: Opening Amazon and Other Private Marketplace Direct Purchases by Government Users" Thomson Reuters 2020

38 Young, Abraham Latimer, "Empowering the End-User as Procurement Agent through E-Commerce: Eliminating, rather then Managing, the Agency Problem" 49 : 651-, 2020

39 GAO, "Electronic Procurement - Business Strategy Needed for GSA's Advantage System"

40 Choi, Jae-Young, "Electronic Government Procurement Reform: Managing Institutional Reform – Lessons from the Korean Model" 3 : 116-134, 2013

41 Swennen, Jean-Pierre, "Electronic Commerce in Federal Procurement" 98 (98): 1-, 1998

42 GAO, "Effort to Consolidate Governmentwide Acquisition Data Systems Should Be Reassessed" 2012

43 McCue, Clifford, "E-Procurement: Myth or Reality?" 12 (12): 221-248, 2012

44 Chen, Yifan, "E-Procurement System Adoption in Local Governments: The Role of Procurement Complexity and Organizational Structure" 2021

45 Moon, M. Jae, "E-Procurement Management in State Governments: Diffusion of E-Procurement Practices and its Determinants" 5 (5): 54-72, 2005

46 Bromberg, Daniel, "E-Procurement Implementation in the United States : Understanding Progress in Local Government" 38 (38): 2015

47 Aguila, Juan-Carlos, "E-Procurement Challenges & Supplier Enablement in California Counties" The Graduate School San Jose State University 2020

48 Richard, Dianne G., "Contracting Reporting Requirements in the Wake of Implementation of the System for Award Management" Thomson Reuters 2013

49 Pham, Victor V., "Commercial E-Commerce Portals: The E-Marketplace Model Trumps the Others" 48 : 615-, 2019

50 McCarthy, Jennifer E., "Commerce Business Daily is Dead: Long Live FedBizOpps" 31 : 513-, 2002

51 OECD, "Centralised and Decentralised Public Procurement"

52 GAO, "Buying Commercial Goods: Assessment of the E-Commerce Portal Implementation Plan" 2018

53 Baek, Chan Young, "Building a Successful E-Procurement System in the United States : Lessons from the South Korean System" 44 : 755-, 2015

54 Lee, Mi-Jung, "An Exploratory Study on the Mature Level Evaluation of E-Procurement Systems" 10 (10): 405-427, 2010

55 Canter, Holland D., "Amazon Business and GSA Advantage: A Comparative Analysis" Naval Postgraduate School 2017

56 GAO, "Acquisition Reform - Obstacles to Implementing the Federal Acquisition Computer Network"

57 조달청, "2017년 조달연보"