Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Cinnamon, a member of the Lauraceae family, has been widely used as a spice and traditional herbal medicine for centuries and hasshown beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. However, its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention forchronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unproven. The bioactive compounds within cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamicacid, and cinnamate, can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, gut dysbiosis, and dyslipidemia, which are commoncomplications in patients with CKD. In this narrative review, we assess the mechanisms by which cinnamon may alleviate complicationsobserved in CKD and the possible role of this spice as an additional nutritional strategy for this patient group.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Ghavami A, "What is the impact of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure? : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 21 : 956-965, 2021

2 Shen Y, "Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon(Cinnamomum zeylanicum)using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes" 74 : 2418-2425, 2010

3 Neto JG, "Treatment with cinnamaldehyde reduces the visceral adiposity and regulates lipid metabolism, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of a rat model of early obesity" 77 : 108321-, 2020

4 Kang NH, "Trans-cinnamic acid stimulates white fat browning and activates brown adipocytes" 11 : 577-, 2019

5 Kopp C, "Trans-cinnamic acid increases adiponectin and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase through G-protein-coupled receptor signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" 15 : 2906-2915, 2014

6 Chen YF, "Trans-cinnamaldehyde, an essential oil in cinnamon powder, ameliorates cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury via inhibition of neuroinflammation through attenuation of iNOS, COX-2 expression and NFκ-B signaling pathway" 18 : 322-333, 2016

7 Tian J, "Trans-cinnamaldehyde suppresses microtubule detyrosination and alleviates cardiac hypertrophy" 914 : 174687-, 2022

8 Abou El-Ezz D, "Trans-cinnamaldehyde modulates hippocampal Nrf2 factor and inhibits amyloid beta aggregation in LPS-induced neuroinflammation mouse model" 43 : 2333-2342, 2018

9 Yang G, "Trans-Cinnamaldehyde mitigated intestinal inflammation induced by Cronobacter sakazakii in newborn mice" 10 : 2986-2996, 2019

10 Alvarenga L, "To bee or not to bee? : the bee extract propolis as a bioactive compound in the burden of lifestyle diseases" 83 : 111094-, 2021

11 Zheng H, "Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy" 60 : 3055-3066, 2011

12 Fanton S, "The sweet side of dark chocolate for chronic kidney disease patients" 40 : 15-26, 2021

13 Derosa G, "The role of various peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands in clinical practice" 233 : 153-161, 2018

14 O’Toole PW, "The role of the microbiota in sedentary lifestyle disorders and ageing : lessons from the animal kingdom" 287 : 271-282, 2020

15 Than WH, "The role of obesity on chronic kidney disease development, progression, and cardiovascular complications" 2 : 24-34, 2020

16 Said S, "The link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease" 3 : 99-104, 2014

17 Vallion R, "The inflammatory response in human keratinocytes exposed to cinnamaldehyde is regulated by Nrf2" 11 : 575-, 2022

18 Kemp JA, "The impact of enriched resistant starch type-2 cookies on the gut microbiome in hemodialysis patients : a randomized controlled trial" 65 : e2100374-, 2021

19 Qusti S, "The hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of cress seed and cinnamon on streptozotocin induced diabetes in male rats" 2016 : 5614564-, 2016

20 Maierean SM, "The effects of cinnamon supplementation on blood lipid concentrations : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 11 : 1393-1406, 2017

21 Kizilaslan N, "The effect of different amounts of cinnamon consumption on blood glucose in healthy adult individuals" 2019 : 4138534-, 2019

22 Hadi A, "The effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure in adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" 36 : 10-16, 2020

23 Ataie Z, "The effect of cinnamaldehyde on iNOS activity and NO-induced islet insulin secretion in high-fat-diet rats" 2021 : 9970678-, 2021

24 Niazmand S, "The effect of Cinnamomum cassia extract on oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats" 19 : 311-321, 2021

25 Pulungan A, "The benefit of cinnamon(Cinnamomum burmannii)in lowering total cholesterol levels after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice(Mus musculus)models" 9 : 168-, 2020

26 Zou L, "The anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamyl alcohol on sepsis-induced mice via the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway" 10 : 48-, 2022

27 Abdel-Kawi SH, "The ameliorative effects of cinnamon oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by regulating oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis" 53 : 573-587, 2022

28 Haidari F, "Testing the effects of cinnamon extract supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide" 2343 : 179-190, 2022

29 Lee R, "Sweet wood : cinnamon and its importance as a spice and medicine" 1 : 61-64, 2005

30 Qu S, "Suppression of miR-21and miR-155 of macrophage by cinnamaldehyde ameliorates ulcerative colitis" 67 : 22-34, 2019

31 Lee SG, "Stimulatory effects of Cinnamon extract(Cinnamomum cassia)during the initiation stage of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation" 5 : 83-, 2016

32 Tsui PF, "Spices and atherosclerosis" 10 : 1724-, 2018

33 Craven H, "Socioeconomic position links circulatory microbiota differences with biological age" 11 : 12629-, 2021

34 Gu DT, "Safety of cinnamon : an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials" 12 : 790901-, 2022

35 Jawale A, "Reversal of diabetes-induced behavioral and neurochemical deficits by cinnamaldehyde" 23 : 923-930, 2016

36 Esgalhado M, "Resistant starch type-2enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients : a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial" 11 : 2617-2625, 2020

37 Alshahrani S, "Renoprotective effects of cinnamon oil against APAP-Induced nephrotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in rats" 29 : 194-200, 2021

38 Grahame Hardie D, "Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators" 6 : 1-19, 2016

39 Van Hul M, "Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier" 314 : E334-E352, 2018

40 Checa J, "Reactive oxygen species : drivers of physiological and pathological processes" 13 : 1057-1073, 2020

41 Woehrlin F, "Quantification of flavoring constituents in cinnamon : high variation of coumarin in cassia bark from the German retail market and in authentic samples from Indonesia" 58 : 10568-10575, 2010

42 Gul S, "Proximate composition and mineral analysis of cinnamon" 8 : 1456-1460, 2009

43 Shin NR, "Proteobacteria : microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota" 33 : 496-503, 2015

44 Borges NA, "Protein-bound uremic toxins from gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease" 26 : 396-400, 2016

45 Miah MA, "Protective effects of cinnamon powder against hyperlipidemia and hepatotoxicity in butter fed female albino mice" 29 : 3069-3074, 2022

46 Sedighi M, "Protective effects of cinnamon bark extract against ischemia-reperfusion injury and arrhythmias in rat" 32 : 1983-1991, 2018

47 Wang R, "Protective effects of cinnamaldehyde on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in liver of Salmonella typhimurium : challenged mice" 26 : 2309-, 2021

48 Hussain Z, "Protective effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. (Darchini)in acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mouse model" 109 : 2285-2292, 2019

49 Lee SC, "Protective effect of leaf essential oil from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira on endotoxin-induced intestinal injury in mice associated with suppressed local expression of molecules in the signaling pathways of TLR4 and NLRP3" 10 : e0120700-, 2015

50 Sun P, "Procyanidin C1, a component of cinnamon extracts, is a potential insulin sensitizer that targets adipocytes" 67 : 8839-8846, 2019

51 Moreira LS, "Pink pressure : beetroot(Beta vulgaris rubra)as a possible novel medical therapy for chronic kidney disease" 80 : 1041-1061, 2022

52 Schöttker B, "Oxidative stress markers and all-cause mortality at older age : a population-based cohort study" 70 : 518-524, 2015

53 Gyurászová M, "Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of kidney disease : implications for noninvasive monitoring and identification of biomarkers" 2020 : 5478708-, 2020

54 D’Agati VD, "Obesity-related glomerulopathy : clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis" 12 : 453-471, 2016

55 Legrand C, "New natural agonists of the transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1(TRPA1)channel" 10 : 11238-, 2020

56 Khedr NF, "New insights into weight management by orlistat in comparison with cinnamon as a natural lipase inhibitor" 67 : 109-116, 2020

57 Bano F, "Neurochemical and behavioral effects of Cinnamomi cassiae(Lauraceae)bark aqueous extract in obese rats" 27 : 559-563, 2014

58 DeBoer MD, "Metabolic syndrome severity and risk of CKD and worsened GFR : The Jackson Heart Study" 43 : 555-567, 2018

59 Sampath C, "Mechanistic role of antioxidants in rescuing delayed gastric emptying in high fat diet induced diabetic female mice" 137 : 111370-, 2021

60 Neto JG, "Maternal cinnamon intake during lactation led to visceral obesity and hepatic metabolic dysfunction in the adult male offspring" 63 : 520-530, 2019

61 Shiels PG, "Manipulating the exposome to enable better ageing" 478 : 2889-2898, 2021

62 Stenvinkel P, "Long-lived animals with negligible senescence : clues for ageing research" 47 : 1157-1164, 2019

63 Li AL, "Lignan and flavonoid support the prevention of cinnamon against oxidative stress related diseases" 53 : 143-153, 2019

64 Panickar KS, "Ischemia-induced endothelial cell swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction are attenuated by cinnamtannin D1, green tea extract, and resveratrol in vitro" 18 : 297-306, 2015

65 Yiu JH, "Interaction between gut microbiota and toll-like receptor : from immunity to metabolism" 95 : 13-20, 2017

66 Anand P, "Insulinotropic effect of cinnamaldehyde on transcriptional regulation of pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and GLUT4 translocation in experimental diabetic rats" 186 : 72-81, 2010

67 Manaf A, "Insulin sensitizer in prediabetes : a clinical study with DLBS3233, a combined bioactive fraction of Cinnamomum burmanii and Lagerstroemia speciosa" 10 : 1279-1289, 2016

68 Uchi H, "Inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and induction of NRF2-mediated antioxidant activity by cinnamaldehyde in human keratinocytes" 85 : 36-43, 2017

69 Romeo GR, "Influence of cinnamon on glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes : a randomized controlled trial" 4 : bvaa094-, 2020

70 Yun JW, "In vitro and in vivo safety studies of cinnamon extract(Cinnamomum cassia)on general and genetic toxicology" 95 : 115-123, 2018

71 Chericoni S, "In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and eugenol in peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes" 53 : 4762-4765, 2005

72 Alvarenga L, "Impact of curcumin supplementation on expression of inflammatory transcription factors in hemodialysis patients : a pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled study" 39 : 3594-3600, 2020

73 Mandal A, "Impact of cassia bark consumption on glucose and lipid control in type 2 diabetes : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis" 13 : e16376-, 2021

74 Abdali D, "How effective are antioxidant supplements in obesity and diabetes?" 24 : 201-215, 2015

75 Kim KA, "High fat diet-induced gut microbiota exacerbates inflammation and obesity in mice via the TLR4 signaling pathway" 7 : e47713-, 2012

76 Jiang TA, "Health benefits of culinary herbs and spices" 102 : 395-411, 2019

77 De Filippis A, "Gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic syndrome : dysbiosis as a key link and common bioactive dietary components useful for their treatment" 21 : 4929-, 2020

78 Mafra D, "Food as medicine : targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease" 17 : 153-171, 2021

79 Ranasinghe P, "Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties and safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum(Ceylon cinnamon)in healthy adults : a phase I clinical trial" 17 : 550-, 2017

80 Moreno EK, "Evaluation of antioxidant potential of commercial cinnamon samples and its vasculature effects" 2022 : 1992039-, 2022

81 Huang Y, "Endothelial function and postprandial glucose control in response to test-meals containing herbs and spices in adults with overweight/obesity" 9 : 811433-, 2022

82 Mohammed KA, "Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in whey protein counteracts the disturbances in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and histological picture of the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats" 27 : 2829-2843, 2020

83 Zare R, "Efficacy of cinnamon in patients with type II diabetes mellitus : a randomized controlled clinical trial" 38 : 549-556, 2019

84 Lira Neto JC, "Efficacy of cinnamon as an adjuvant in reducing the glycemic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus : a three-month, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial" 41 : 266-274, 2022

85 Ranasinghe P, "Efficacy and safety of ‘true’cinnamon(Cinnamomum zeylanicum)as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 29 : 1480-1492, 2012

86 Alsoodeeri FN, "Effects of cinnamon(Cinnamomum cassia)consumption on serum lipid profiles in albino rats" 2020 : 8469830-, 2020

87 Davari M, "Effects of cinnamon supplementation on expression of systemic inflammation factors, NF-kB and sirtuin-1(SIRT1)in type 2 diabetes : a randomized, double blind, and controlled clinical trial" 19 : 1-, 2020

88 Yazdanpanah Z, "Effects of cinnamon supplementation on body weight and composition in adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials" 34 : 448-463, 2020

89 Borzoei A, "Effects of cinnamon supplementation on antioxidant status and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome" 8 : 128-133, 2017

90 Talaei B, "Effects of cinnamon consumption on glycemic indicators, advanced glycation end products, and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients" 9 : 991-, 2017

91 Çelik R, "Effects of cinnamaldehyde on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, some biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic rats" 27 : 270-277, 2022

92 Ryu JS, "Effect of treadmill exercise and trans-cinnamaldehyde against d-galactose-and aluminum chloride-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice" 10 : 793-, 2020

93 Gupta Jain S, "Effect of oral cinnamon intervention on metabolic profile and body composition of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome : a randomized double-blind control trial" 16 : 113-, 2017

94 Azimi P, "Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus : a randomized controlled clinical trial" 25 : 133-140, 2016

95 Bernardo MA, "Effect of cinnamon tea on postprandial glucose concentration" 2015 : 913651-, 2015

96 Sengsuk C, "Effect of cinnamon supplementation on glucose, lipids levels, glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus" 7 : 124-132, 2015

97 Jamali N, "Effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 2diabetes : a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials" 14 : 119-125, 2020

98 Zareie A, "Effect of cinnamon on migraine attacks and inflammatory markers : a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial" 34 : 2945-2952, 2020

99 Baker WL, "Effect of cinnamon on glucose control and lipid parameters" 31 : 41-43, 2008

100 Li AL, "Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis" 64 : 23-32, 2020

101 Rachid AP, "Effect of aqueous cinnamon extract on the postprandial glycemia levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus : a randomized controlled trial" 14 : 1576-, 2022

102 Costello RB, "Do cinnamon supplements have a role in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes? : a narrative review" 116 : 1794-1802, 2016

103 Mafra D, "Dietary components that may influence the disturbed gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease" 11 : 496-, 2019

104 Konda MR, "Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males" 15 : 50-, 2018

105 Ooijevaar RE, "Clinical application and potential of fecal microbiota transplantation" 70 : 335-351, 2019

106 Keramati M, "Cinnamon, an effective anti-obesity agent : evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis" 46 : e14166-, 2022

107 Allen RW, "Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis" 11 : 452-459, 2013

108 Tuzcu Z, "Cinnamon polyphenol extract inhibits hyperlipidemia and inflammation by modulation of transcription factors in high-fat diet-fed rats" 2017 : 1583098-, 2017

109 Kwan HY, "Cinnamon induces browning in subcutaneous adipocytes" 7 : 2447-, 2017

110 Akilen R, "Cinnamon in glycaemic control : systematic review and meta analysis" 31 : 609-615, 2012

111 Qin B, "Cinnamon extract regulates plasma levels of adipose-derived factors and expression of multiple genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue of fructose-fed rats" 42 : 187-193, 2010

112 Anderson RA, "Cinnamon extract lowers glucose, insulin and cholesterol in people with elevated serum glucose" 6 : 332-336, 2015

113 Mohamed Sham Shihabudeen H, "Cinnamon extract inhibits α-glucosidase activity and dampens postprandial glucose excursion in diabetic rats" 8 : 46-, 2011

114 Lopes BP, "Cinnamon extract improves the body composition and attenuates lipogenic processes in the liver and adipose tissue of rats" 6 : 3257-3265, 2015

115 Shen Y, "Cinnamon extract enhances glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myocytes by inducing LKB1-AMP-activated protein kinase signaling" 9 : e87894-, 2014

116 Shirzad F, "Cinnamon effects on blood pressure and metabolic profile : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with stage 1 hypertension" 11 : 91-100, 2021

117 Li B, "Cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation in male rats" 46 : e14077-, 2022

118 Shishehbor F, "Cinnamon consumption improves clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers in women with rheumatoid arthritis" 37 : 685-690, 2018

119 Kommula SR, "Cinnamon attenuated long-term IGT-induced retinal abnormalities via regulation of glucose homeostasis in neonatal streptozotocin induced rat model" 35 : 442-450, 2020

120 Elshopakey GE, "Cinnamon aqueous extract attenuates diclofenac sodium and oxytetracycline mediated hepato-renal toxicity and modulates oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in male albino rats" 8 : 9-, 2021

121 Kwon H, "Cinnamon and its components suppress vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by up-regulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors" 43 : 621-636, 2015

122 Hariri M, "Cinnamon and chronic diseases" 929 : 1-24, 2016

123 Zhang L, "Cinnamon and aspirin for mild ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack : a pilot trial" 44 : 482-490, 2022

124 Paul A. Davis ; Wallace Yokoyama, "Cinnamon Intake Lowers Fasting Blood Glucose: Meta-Analysis" 한국식품영양과학회 14 (14): 884-889, 2011

125 Kawatra P, "Cinnamon : mystic powers of a minute ingredient" 7 (7): S1-S6, 2015

126 Hajimonfarednejad M, "Cinnamon : a systematic review of adverse events" 38 : 594-602, 2019

127 Rao PV, "Cinnamon : a multifaceted medicinal plant" 2014 : 642942-, 2014

128 Hussain Z, "Cinnamomum zeylanicum(Darchini) : a boon to medical science and a possible therapy for stress-induced ailments" 29 : 263-276, 2019

129 Sun K, "Cinnamicaldehyde regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells" 8 : 66-, 2017

130 Chen P, "Cinnamic aldehyde, the main monomer component of cinnamon, exhibits anti-inflammatory property in OA synovial fibroblasts via TLR4/MyD88 pathway" 26 : 913-924, 2022

131 Chen P, "Cinnamic aldehyde inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced chondrocyte inflammation and reduces cartilage degeneration by blocking the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway" 11 : 949-, 2020

132 Hong S, "Cinnamic acid suppresses bone loss via induction of osteoblast differentiation with alteration of gut microbiota" 101 : 108900-, 2022

133 Hafizur RM, "Cinnamic acid exerts anti-diabetic activity by improving glucose tolerance in vivo and by stimulating insulin secretion in vitro" 22 : 297-300, 2015

134 Neto JG, "Cinnamaldehyde treatment during adolescence improves white and brown adipose tissue metabolism in a male rat model of early obesity" 13 : 3405-3418, 2022

135 Liu P, "Cinnamaldehyde suppresses NLRP3derived IL-1β via activating succinate/HIF-1 in rheumatoid arthritis rats" 84 : 106570-, 2020

136 Khare P, "Cinnamaldehyde supplementation prevents fasting-induced hyperphagia, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice" 42 : 201-211, 2016

137 Qi L, "Cinnamaldehyde promotes the intestinal barrier functions and reshapes gut microbiome in early weaned rats" 8 : 748503-, 2021

138 Wang F, "Cinnamaldehyde prevents endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose by activating Nrf2" 36 : 315-324, 2015

139 Hosni AA, "Cinnamaldehyde potentially attenuates gestational hyperglycemia in rats through modulation of PPARγ, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress" 88 : 52-60, 2017

140 Cheng WX, "Cinnamaldehyde inhibits inflammation of human synoviocyte cells through regulation of Jak/Stat pathway and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in rats" 373 : 302-310, 2020

141 Jiang J, "Cinnamaldehyde induces fat cell-autonomous thermogenesis and metabolic reprogramming" 77 : 58-64, 2017

142 Chao LK, "Cinnamaldehyde impairs high glucose-induced hypertrophy in renal interstitial fibroblasts" 244 : 174-180, 2010

143 Li JE, "Cinnamaldehyde contributes to insulin sensitivity by activating PPARδ, PPARγ, and RXR" 43 : 879-892, 2015

144 Xiao Q, "Cinnamaldehyde attenuates kidney senescence and injury through PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated autophagy via downregulating miR-155" 44 : 601-614, 2022

145 Kang LL, "Cinnamaldehyde and allopurinol reduce fructose-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating CD36-mediated TLR4/6-IRAK4/1 signaling to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation" 6 : 27460-, 2016

146 Wang P, "Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice by activating Nrf2" 33 : 610-619, 2020

147 Abdelmageed ME, "Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates STZ-induced rat diabetes through modulation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT2 pathway and AGEs/RAGE interaction" 392 : 243-258, 2019

148 Zhao H, "Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction via TLR4-NOX4 pathway : the regulation of autophagy and ROS production" 101 : 11-24, 2016

149 Tinti F, "Chronic kidney disease as a systemic inflammatory syndrome : update on mechanisms involved and potential treatment" 11 : 419-, 2021

150 Kooman JP, "Chronic kidney disease and premature ageing" 10 : 732-742, 2014

151 Taheri A, "Changes in CYP2D enzyme activity following induction of type 2 diabetes, and administration of cinnamon and metformin : an experimental animal study" 48 : 984-989, 2018

152 Gutierrez JL, "Cassia cinnamon supplementation reduces peak blood glucose responses but does not improve insulin resistance and sensitivity in young, sedentary, obese women" 13 : 461-471, 2016

153 Salarolli RT, "Can curcumin supplementation reduce plasma levels of gut-derived uremic toxins in hemodialysis patients? : a pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled study" 53 : 1231-1238, 2021

154 Marlatt KL, "Brown adipose tissue : an update on recent findings" 6 : 389-396, 2017

155 Cardozo LF, "Brazil nut consumption modulates Nrf2 expression in hemodialysis patients : a pilot study" 60 : 1719-1724, 2016

156 Wang L, "Beneficial roles of dietary Oleum cinnamomi in alleviating intestinal injury" 20 : 814-828, 2015

157 Kumar Singh A, "Beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota and strategies to improve delivery efficiency" 11 : 2216-, 2019

158 Shang C, "Beneficial effects of cinnamon and its extracts in the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes" 12 : 12194-12220, 2021

159 Krittanawong C, "Association between cinnamon consumption and risk of cardiovascular health : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 135 : 110-117, 2022

160 Atsamo AD, "Aqueous extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum(Lauraceae)stem bark ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers" 2021 : 5543889-, 2021

161 Parham S, "Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials" 9 : 1309-, 2020

162 Roussel AM, "Antioxidant effects of a cinnamon extract in people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese" 28 : 16-21, 2009

163 Stevens N, "Antidiabetic potential of volatile cinnamon oil : a review and exploration of mechanisms using in silico molecular docking simulations" 27 : 853-, 2022

164 Aminzadeh Z, "Anticancer effects of cinnamaldehyde through inhibition of ErbB2/HSF1/LDHA pathway in 5637 cell line of bladder cancer" 22 : 1139-1148, 2022

165 Camacho S, "Anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of cinnamaldehyde via altered ghrelin secretion and functional impact on food intake and gastric emptying" 5 : 7919-, 2015

166 Kim ME, "Anti-inflammatory effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation via MAPKs pathway regulation" 40 : 219-224, 2018

167 Schink A, "Anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract and identification of active compounds influencing the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways" 9 : 5950-5964, 2018

168 Liao JC, "Anti-inflammatory activities of Cinnamomum cassia constituents in vitro and in vivo" 2012 : 429320-, 2012

169 Tung YT, "Anti-inflammation activities of essential oil and its constituents from indigenous cinnamon(Cinnamomum osmophloeum)twigs" 99 : 3908-3913, 2008

170 Mousavi SM, "Anti-hypertensive effects of cinnamon supplementation in adults : a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" 60 : 3144-3154, 2020

171 Nayak IN, "Anti-atherosclerotic potential of aqueous extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark against glucocorticoid induced atherosclerosis in wistar rats" 11 : FC19-FC23, 2017

172 Vijayakumar K, "Acute toxicity studies and protective effects of Cinnamon cassia bark extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats" 45 : 2086-2096, 2022

173 Wang J, "Acute effects of cinnamon spice on post-prandial glucose and insulin in normal weight and overweight/obese subjects : a pilot study" 7 : 619782-, 2021

174 Mirmiran P, "A randomized controlled trial to determining the effect of cinnamon on the plasma levels of soluble forms of vascular adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes mellitus" 73 : 1605-1612, 2019

175 Ben Lagha A, "A polyphenolic cinnamon fraction exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in a monocyte/macrophage model" 16 : e0244805-, 2021

176 Singh G, "A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents" 45 : 1650-1661, 2007