The Relativity and Salience of Identity Across Cultures

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 문화적 차이를 연구함에 있어서 서양적 관점에 기초한 개인주의-집단주의식 비교의 문제점을 지적하고 동양적 시각을 반영하는 새로운 이론이 필요함을 주창한다. 동서양의 근본적인 차이는 일체주의적(holistic) 세계관과 분석주의적(analytic, atomistic) 세계관이라는 점에 입각하여, 이 연구는 인지적 상대주의 이론 내세우고, 그 타당성을 경험적으로 검증하였다. 조사 결과, (1) 한국과 같은 일체주의적 문화를 가진 사회에서, 구성원들의 정체성은 상황에 따라 변하는 경향이 높으며 (즉 상대적이며), 미국처럼 분석주의적 문화를 가진 사회에서는, 구성원들의 정체성이 인간관계나 상황에 따라 변화하는 정도가 낮고 절대성이 높다는 것과, (2) 일체주의적 사회에서는 개인적 정체성보다는 사회적 정체성이 더 중요하며, 분석주의적 사회에서는 사회적 정체성보다 개인적 정체성이 대인 커뮤니케이션에 더 많은 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다.
이 결과는 인지적 상대성이론이 기존의 문화적 차이에 대한 이론들(즉, collectivism -individualism, particularism-universalism, high context-low context communication, 및 interdependent-independent construals)을 통합함으로써, 앞으로의 비교문화권적 연구에 보다 과학적이며 타당성 높은 이론적 틀을 제공할 가능성이 있음을 보여주었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study proposed and tested the theory of cognitive relativity.
Results indicate that; (a) members of a holistic culture tend to develop more relative (or unstable) personal identity, which is easily affected by others in social relationships, whereas more absolute (or stable) personal identity forms among those from atomistic societies; (b)
social identity appears more salient for the holists, while the atomists (or analysts) tend to possess more salient personal identities. These results imply that the theory of relativity can potentially provide scientific explanations to diverse cultural differences, with integrating most leading perspectives in cross-cultural studies such as the collectivismindividualism
distinction, the particularism-universalism distinction, the high context-low context distinction, and the interdependent-independent construal of the self.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. The Relativity and Salience of Identity Across Cultures
• 2. Defining The Theory of Relativity
• 1) Particularism vs. Universalism
• 2) Holism as the basis of Relativity
• 3) Relativity as an Extension of Particularity
• 4) Defining Relativity
• 5) Predictions on Identity
• 3. Method
• 1) Overview
• 2) Sample culture
• 3) Participants
• 4) Measures of Relativity in Identity
• 4. Results
• 1) Culture and Relativity in Personal Identity
• 2) Culture and Identity Salience
• 5. Discussion
• References
• 초록

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