성인 교육기구의 생성과 발전 -콜체스터의 사례, 1832-1870- = The Formation and Development of Adult-education Institutions―A Case Study of Colchester`s Institutions, 1832-1870―

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Past research on adult-education institutions in 19th-century Britain has rarely proceeded beyond the theory of the failure of the mechanics institutes and its subsequent revisions. Some studies on middle-class culture, which at times deal with adult-education institutions, focus narrowly on cases in industrial centres. As such, current literature has tended to overlook the significant fact that adult-education institutions were civil associations created by voluntary middle-class activity. Research into understanding the formation of whole adult-education institutions in a single city, and the resemblances and differences between institutions across cities has not been attempted until now. To fill the gap in the historical study of the institutions, this paper explores the establishment and extinction of the Mechanics’ Institute and the Literary Institute in Colchester, a market town situated within an agricultural region, by examining the traits of the voluntary organization in the Institutes and their weight and role among the middle-class associations. This new perspective broadens the scope of research on adult-education ventures. It contributes not only to a deeper understanding of the general features of adult-education institutions, but also highlights the peculiarity and educational value of Colchester’s Institutes. Above all, the Institutes in this town revealed the existence of a sense of rivalry among local middle-class organizations. The Literary Institute, which was aligned with Tory-Anglicanism, purposefully accelerated the closure of the Mechanics Institute, which was on the side of Whig-Nonconformity. Ultimately, the educational bodies played a significant role in helping the Tory-Anglicans maintain superiority over Whig-Nonconformists. This phenomenon where the institutes were deeply intertwined with middle-class partisanship was not usually observed in industrial cities. Nevertheless, in their levels of education and activity, Colchester’s institutions showed little difference from their counterparts in other cities and became established as cultural intermediaries and agencies of recreation.

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