시비처리에 따른 활엽수 용기묘의 생장 특성 변화 = Division 2 ; Growth Performances of Container Seedlings of Deciduous Hardwood Species Grown at Three Different Fertilization Treatments

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objective of this study was to find optimal amount of fertilization of container seedling production for Zelkova serrata, Ulmus parvifolia, Betula costata and Tilia amurensis. To reach our goal, we measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedlings of four deciduous hardwood species grown at three different fertilization treatments (0.5 g·L.1, 1.0 g·L.1 and 2.0 g·L.1). Z. serrata seedlings grown at 2.0 g·L.1 fertilization and B. costata seedlings grown at 0.5 g·L.1 fertilization showed the highest RCD, height, biomass and SQI. The RCD and height of U. parvifolia and T. amurensis seedlings showed no significant differences by fertilization treatments. Seedlings of two species at 0.5 g·L.1 fertilization showed the lowest SQI, however, SQI at 1.0 and 2.0 g·L.1 fertilization treatments were not significantly different. Based on these results, it is appeared that container seedlings of Z. serrata at minimum 2.0 g·L.1 fertilization, U. parvifolia and T. amurensis at 1.0 g·L.1 fertilization and B. costata at maximum 0.5 g·L.1 fertilization were optimal nutrient conditions. Practice of optimal fertilization rate will make us get better quality seedlings and reduction of production costs in the container nursery system as well as good field performances with higher survival rate after planting.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 성환인, "피음 및 시비처리에 따른 가시나무 1년생 용기묘의 생장과 묘목품질 특성" 한국임학회 100 (100): 598-608, 2011

2 김종진, "우리나라 양묘산업의 기상재해 특성" 기후연구소 5 (5): 42-53, 2010

3 박병배, "양분벡터분석을 통한 활엽수와 침엽수 묘목의 적정 시비량 구명" 농업생명과학연구원 47 (47): 95-107, 2013

4 조민석, "시비처리가 Eucalyptus pellita와 Acacia mangium 용기묘의 생리 및 생장 특성에 미치는 영향" 한국생물환경조절학회 20 (20): 123-133, 2011

5 조민석, "시비처리 방법에 따른 낙엽송 용기묘의 생장 및 생리 특성" 한국생물환경조절학회 21 (21): 57-65, 2012

6 권기원, "시비 처리에 따른 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima) 용기묘와 노지묘의 광합성 및 생장특성" 한국임학회 98 (98): 331-338, 2009

7 박병배, "묘포에서 질소, 인, 칼륨 비료주기가 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무의 생장 및 양분에 미치는 영향" 한국임학회 99 (99): 85-95, 2010

8 최명석, "광강도에 따른 음나무 유묘의 생장 및 광합성 특성" 한국약용작물학회 14 (14): 244-249, 2006

9 Grossnickle, S. C, "Why seedlings survive : influence of plant attributes" 43 : 711-738, 2012

10 Leiva, M.J., "Variability in seedling water status during drought within a Quercus Ilex subsp. ballota population, and its relation to seedling morphology" 111 : 147-156, 1998

11 Ingestad, T., "Theories and methods on plant nutrition and growth" 84 : 177-184, 1992

12 Korea Forest Service, "The guidelines for seed and nursery practices"

13 Way, D. A., "The effect of carbon and nutrient loading during nursery culture on the growth of black spruce seedlings : a six-year field study" 34 : 307-312, 2007

14 Bumgarner, M. L., "Subirrigation of Quercus rubra seedlings : Nursery stock quality, media chemistry, and early field performance" 43 : 2179-2185, 2008

15 Trubat, R., "Short-term nitrogen deprivation increases field performance in nursery seedlings of Mediterranean woody species" 72 : 879-890, 2008

16 Lloret, F., "Seedling survival of Mediterranean shrubland species in relation to root:shoot ratio, seed size and water and nitrogen use" 13 : 210-216, 1999

17 Landis, T. D., "Seedling nutrition and irrigation. The container tree nursery manual l. 4"

18 SAS Institute Inc, "SAS/STAT TM guide for personal computer. Version 8 edition" SAS Institute Inc. 1026-, 2000

19 Tsakaldimi1, M., "Root morphology, stem growth and field performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean evergreen oak species raised in different container types" 278 : 85-93, 2005

20 Hernandez, E. I., "Root hydraulic conductance, gas exchange and leaf water potential in seedlings of Pistacia lentiscus L. and Quercus suber L. grown under different fertilization and light regimes" 67 : 269-276, 2009

21 Wilson, E. D., "Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak(Quercus rubra L. )in Ontario, Canada" 34 : 163-176, 2007

22 Teng, Y., "Rhizosphere phosphorus depletion induced by heavy nitrogen fertilization in forest nursery soils" 59 : 227-233, 1995

23 Compton, J., "Response of soil microbial biomass and community composition to chronic nitrogen additions at Harvard forest" 196 : 143-158, 2004

24 Bayala, J., "Predicting field performance of five irrigated tree species using seedling quality assessment in Burkina Faso, West Africa" 38 : 309-322, 2009

25 Sestak, Z., "Plant photosynthetic production manual of methods" The hague 818-, 1971

26 Aranda, I., "Physiological responses of Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings under Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pyrenaica Will. Overstories" 162 : 153-164, 2002

27 Burdett, A. N, "Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock" 20 : 415-427, 1990

28 Mackensen, J., "Nutrient transfer to the atmosphere by burning of debris in eastern Amazonia" 86 : 121-128, 1996

29 van den Driessche, R, "Nursery growth of conifer seedlings using fertilizers of different solubilities and application time, and their forest growth" 18 : 172-180, 1988

30 Luis, W. C., "Nursery fertilization enhances survival and physiological status in Canary Island pine(Pinus canariensis)seedlings planted in a semiarid environment" 128 : 221-229, 2009

31 Etter, H. M, "Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements during the early growth of white spruce seedlings" 51 : 61-63, 1971

32 Juntunen, M. L., "Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and uptake by container birch seedlings(Betula pendula Roth)grown in three different fertilizations" 25 : 133-147, 2003

33 Broschat, T. K, "Nitrate, phosphate, and potassium leaching from container-grown plants fertilized by several methods" 30 : 74-77, 1995

34 Dumroese, R. K., "Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery" 344 : 881-897, 2013

35 Park, B. B., "Minimizing nutrient leaching and improving nutrient use efficiency of Liriodendron tulipifera and Larix leptolepis in a container nursery system" 43 : 57-68, 2012

36 Ingestad, T, "Mineral nutrient requirement of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies seedlings" 45 : 373-380, 1979

37 Thirukkumaran, C.M., "Microbial activity, nutrient dynamics and litter decomposition in a Canadian Rocky Mountain pine forest as affected by N and P fertilizers" 159 : 187-201, 2002

38 Han, Q., "Leaf photosynthetic responses and related nitrogen changes associated with crown reclosure after thinning in a young Chamaecyparis obtusa stand" 14 : 349-357, 2009

39 Reddell, P., "Incorporation of slow-release fertilisers into nursery media" 18 : 277-287, 1999

40 Grossnickle, S. C, "Importance of root growth in overcoming planting stress" 30 : 273-294, 2005

41 Phillion, B.J., "Growth of potted black spruce seedlings at a range of fertilizer levels" 30 : 10-11, 1984

42 Richards, N. A., "Growth and nutrient uptake of coniferous seedlings : comparison among 10 species at various seedbed densities" 38 : 125-143, 1973

43 Hughes, A.P., "Growth analysis using frequent small harvests" 4 : 553-560, 1967

44 Deans, J. D., "Growing regimes for bare-root stock of sitka spruce, douglas fir and scots pine. 1. Morphology at the end of the nursery phase" 62 : 53-60, 1989

45 Inagaki, M., "Fineroot production in response to nutrient application at three forest plantations in Sabah, Malaysia : higher nitrogen and phosphorus demand by Acacia mangium" 14 : 178-182, 2009

46 Haase, D. L., "Field performance of three stock sizes of Douglas-fir container seedlings grown with slow-release fertilizer in the nursery growing medium" 31 : 1-24, 2006

47 Oliet, J., "Field performance of Pinus halepensis planted in Mediterranean arid conditions : relative influence of seedling morphology and mineral nutrition" 37 : 313-331, 2009

48 Gilliam, C. H., "Effects of three nitrogen levels on container-grown Acer rubrum" 15 : 641-642, 1980

49 Timmer, V.R., "Effects of contrasting fertilization and moisture regimes on biomass, nutrients, and water relations of container grown red pine seedlings" 5 : 335-348, 1991

50 Chirino, E., "Effects of a deep container on morpho-functional characteristics and root colonization in Quercus suber L. seedlings for reforestation in Mediterranean climate" 256 : 779-785, 2008

51 Lee, Y. K., "Effect of Acacia plantations on net photosynthesis, tree species composition, soil enzyme activities, and microclimate on Mt. Makiling" 44 : 299-308, 2006

52 Timmer, V.R., "Diagnosing nutritional status of containerized tree seedlings : comparative plant analyses" 51 : 1082-1086, 1987

53 Aghai, M. M., "Container volume and growing density influence western larch(Larix occidentalis Nutt. )seedling development during nursery culture and establishment" 45 : 199-213, 2014

54 Dominguez-Lerena, S., "Container characteristics influence Pinus pinea seedling development in the nursery and field" 221 : 63-71, 2006

55 Frey, S. D., "Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests" 196 : 159-171, 2004

56 Salifu, K.F., "Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture of Quercus rubra seedlings" 63 : 231-237, 2006

57 Johnson, F., "Artificial regeneration of Ontario's forests: species and stock selection manual"

58 Korea Forest Service, "Actual results of afforestation in 2012" KFS 638-, 2012