커뮤니케이션 요인과 스포츠 활동이 청소년 전기(early adolescence)의 반사회적 행위(antisocial behavior)에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 청소년 전기의 반사회적 행위에 영향을 줄 수 있는 다양한 환경 요인 중, 커뮤니케이션과 스포츠 요인에 주목하고 이들이 폭력 행위나 지위 일탈 행위에 어떤 영향력을 행사하는지를 탐구하였다. 한국청소년정책연구원이 2003년부터 5차에 걸쳐 실시한 중학교 2학년 대상 패널조사 중 1차년도 자료를 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 커뮤니케이션 요인 중, 대인 커뮤니케이션의 영향력이 현저히 높게 나타났다. 또래 위험청소년들과의 상호작용은 위험요인으로 폭력 행동이나 지위 일탈 행동을 증가시킨 반면, 부모와의 커뮤니케이션은 반사회적 행위 전반에 걸쳐 강한 보호요인으로 작용하였다. 둘째, 청소년의 여가를 가장 많이 지배하는 디지털 미디어의 이용은 지위 일탈 행위와 높은 관련성을 보였다. 특히 의사소통 목적의 인터넷 이용과 휴대전화 이용은 음주, 흡연, 결석, 가출 등의 일탈 행동에 유의미한 영향력을 나타냈다. 셋째, 전반적으로 스포츠 요인들의 설명력은 미미했다. 조직된 스포츠 프로그램 참여는 폭력 행위와 정적인 상관관계를 보임으로써, 이러한 유형의 청소년 교육 프로그램이 문제 행동을 예방하는 데에 있어 적절한 역할을 하지 못하고 있음을 암시했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the life cycle, adolescence is the period when people experience significant biological, psychological and social changes. At the same time, adolescents are required to follow strict social norms and rules at within school, the home, and other social contexts. Thus, many adolescents encounter a great deal of internal and external tension and conflict, and some become engaged in anti-social behaviors under certain environmental conditions. This study explored how various communication and sport-related factors influence early adolescents’ violent or non-violent deviancies. The analysis of the first-year data from the Korea Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute since 2003, suggested the following findings. First, among various communication factors, variables of interpersonal communication appeared to be significant in explaining early adolescents’ problematic behavior. Specifically, interactions with at-risk peers functioned as a significant risk factor for both violent and non-violent behavior. On the contrary, parental communication functioned as a protective factor; how openly the youth talked with their parents and how positively they evaluated those interactions significantly influenced the likelihood of anti-social behavior. Secondly, uses of digital media, such as the Internet and mobile telephone, positively contributed to such non-violent deviancies as drinking, smoking, absenteeism, and running away from home. Thirdly, the overall impact of sport-related activities was not so significant. However, participating in organized forms of sport-mediated youth programs appeared to increase violent anti-social behavior, disconfirming previous theoretical expectations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 초록
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 논의
• Ⅲ. 연구방법
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과
• Ⅴ. 결과 요약 및 논의
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 권이종, "학교폭력의 발생배경과 지도방안" 7 (7): 84-103, 1997

2 민경훈, "학교폭력을 줄이기 위한 스포츠 활동의 역할" 12 (12): 363-374, 2001

3 성윤숙, "청소년의 휴대전화 의존 및 문제행동에 관한 연구" 한국청소년정책연구원 17 (17): 291-321, 2006

4 배규한, "청소년의 세대특성 및 세대간 소통방식에 관한 연구: 2008년 촛불집회를 중심으로" 2008

5 문화체육관광부, "청소년백서" 문화체육관광부 2002

6 김근영, "청소년기 인터넷 및 게임 의존도와 우울감 간의 관계 : 또래관계의 매개효과를 중심으로" 한국청소년정책연구원 18 (18): 217-243, 2007

7 강효민, "정보화 사회, 한국 청소년의 여가행위에 관한 조사연구" 한국체육학회 44 (44): 525-535, 2005

8 민영, "인터넷 미디어 이용에 따른 정보격차 현황과 해결방안" 신문발전위원회 2008

9 이미리, "우리나라 청소년의 여가 실태와 활성화 방안" 9 : 432-449, 2007

10 정기원, "비행친구: 청소년 비행의 원인인가, 아니면 결과인가?" 한국청소년학회 14 (14): 213-236, 2007

11 박희숙, "부모-자녀 간 의사소통 수준과 정서적 자율성이 청소년의 분노표현방식과 비행행동에 미치는 영향" 한국청소년정책연구원 18 (18): 89-110, 2007

12 이성식, "낮은 자기 통제력과 비행친구의 청소년비행에의 영향 : 청소년패널자료의 분석" 한국청소년정책연구원 18 (18): 159-181, 2007

13 Howard, K. A., "Violence prevention programs in schools: State of the science and implications for future research" 8 : 197-215, 1999

14 Futrell,M.H., "Violence in classroom: A teacher’s perspective, in Schools, violence, and society" Praeger 3-19, 1996

15 Elliott, D. S., "Violence in American schools: An overview, in Violence in American schools" Cambridge University Press 1998

16 Gottfredson, G. D., "Victimization in schools" Plenum Press 1985

17 Smith, A., "Using ‘sport in the community schemes’ to tackle crime and drug use amon g young people: Some policy issues and problems" 10 : 279-298, 2004

18 Coakley,J., "Using sports to control deviance and violence among youths: Let’s be critical and cautious, in Paradoxes of Youth and Sport" SLNY Press 13-30, 2002

19 Farrington,D.P., "Understanding and preventing youth crime" York Publishing Services 1996

20 King,C.M., "Trial by fire: A study of initiation rituals in English sport" Loughborough University 2000

21 Hartmann,D., "Theorizing sport as social intervention: A view from the grassroots" 55 : 118-140, 2003

22 Zeijl, E., "The role of parents and peers in the leisure activities of young adolescents" 32 (32): 281-302, 2000

23 Anderson, C. A., "The influence of media violence on youth" 4 (4): 81-110, 2003

24 Cense, M., "Temporal and developmental risk factors for sexual harassment and abuse in sport" 7 (7): 61-79, 2001

25 Garry, J. S., "Team sport participation and risk-taking behaviors among a biracial middle school population" 10 : 185-190, 2000

26 Ferrer-Wreder, L., "Succesful prevention and youth development programs: Acros borders. New York: ." Kluwer Academic 2004

27 Haveman, R., "Succeeding generations: On the efects of investment in children" Russell Sage Foundation. 1994

28 Brezina, T., "Student anger and aggressive behavior in school: An initial test of Agnew’s Macro-level strain theory" 38 : 362-386, 2001

29 Bandura,A., "Social cognitive theory of mass communication, in Media efects: Advances in theory and research" Lawrence Earlbaum 2002

30 Hellison, D., "Retention in an urban extended day program: A process-based assessment" 22 : 369-381, 2003

31 Hellison, D., "Responsibility-based youth program evaluation; Investigating the investigations" 54 : 292-307, 2002

32 Espelage, D. L., "Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here?" 32 : 365-383, 2003

33 Wallace, J. M., "Religion’s role in promoting health and reducing risk among American youth" 25 : 721-741, 1998

34 Hawkins, J. D., "Reducing violence through the schools, in Violence in American schools" Cambridge University Press 1998

35 Watson, D. L., "Recognition of values-based constructs in a summer physical activity program" 35 (35): 217-232, 2003

36 Garrison,K.C., "Psychology of adolescence (6th ed.)" Prentice-Hall 1965

37 Danish, S. J., "Psychological interventions: A life development model, in Sport psychology interventions" Human Kinetics 1995

38 Kim,N.S., "Program theory of sport-related intervention: A multiple case study of sport-related youth violence prevention programs" The University of Texas 2007

39 Smith, S. L., "Prime-time television: Assessing violence during the most popular viewing hours" 52 (52): 84-111, 2002

40 Catalano, R. F., "Prevention science and positive youth development: Competitive or cooperative frameworks?" 31 : 230-239, 2002

41 Brewer, D. D., "Preventing serious, violent and chronic juvenile offending, in A sourcebook: Serious violent & chronic juvenile ofenders" Sage 1995

42 Nathanson,A.I., "Parents versus peers: Exploring the significance of peer mediation of antisocial television" 28 (28): 251-274, 2001

43 Chaffee, S. H., "Parental influence" 14 : 323-340, 1971

44 Jessor,R., "New perspectives on adolescent risk behavior" Cambridge University Press 1998

45 Hoover,N., "National survey: Initiation rites and athletics for NCAA sports teams" Alfred University. 1999

46 Crosset,T.W., "Male athletes’ violence against women: A critical assessment of the athletic affiliation, violence against women debate" 15 : 244-257, 1999

47 Mahoney, J. L., "Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context" 23 : 113-127, 2000

48 Tapscott,D., "Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation" McGraw-Hill 1998

49 Youniss, J., "Friendship in adolescence" 13 (13): 59-66, 1992

50 Agnew,R., "Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency" 30 : 47-87, 1992

51 Samples, F., "Evaluations of school-based violence prevention programs, in Violence in American schools" Cambridge University Press 217-252, 1998

52 Fleisher, S. J., "Evaluation of a Judo/community organization program to treat predelinquent Hispanic immigrant early adolescents" 17 (17): 237-249, 1995

53 Sparks, G. G., "Effects of media violence, in Media efects: Advances in theory and research" Lawrence Earlbaum 2002

54 Warr,M., "Companions in crime: The social aspects of criminal conduct" Cambridge University Press 2002

55 Hupcey,J.E., "Clarifying the social support theory-research linkage" 27 : 1231-1241, 1998

56 Kirsh,S.J., "Children, adolescents, and media violence: A critical look at the research. Thousand Oaks" Sage 2006

57 Hirschi,T., "Causes of delinquency" University of California Press 1969

58 Agnew,R., "Building on the foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the types of strain most likely to lead to crime and delinquency" 38 : 319-361, 2001

59 McWhirter, J. J., "At-risk youth: A comprehensive response (3rd ed.)" Thomson 2004

60 Patterson, G. R., "Antisocial boys" Castalia 1992

61 Holbrook, R. A., "Agenda-setting and priming in prime time television: Crime dramas as political cues" 22 : 277-295, 2005

62 Aspy, C. B., "Adolescent violence: The protective effects of youth assets" 82 : 268-279, 2004

63 Kalogerakis,M.G., "Adolescent violence in America: A historical perspective" 27 : 3-28, 2003

64 Crabbe,T., "A sporting chance?: Using sport to tackle drug use and crime" 7 : 381-391, 2000

65 Caldwell, L. L., "A serious look at leisure: The role of leisure time and recreation activities in positive youth development, in Community youth development: Programs, policies, and practices" Sage Publications 181-200, 2003