사회적 배척 상황에서 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 도구적 정서조절 = Interpersonal Instrumental Emotion Regulation of Young Adults with Borderline Personality Trait in a Social Situation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the social exclusion situation influence interpersonal emotion regulation induced by instrumental motivation in undergraduate students with borderline personality trait, and to confirm their characteristics. The borderline personality trait group(n=50) and the control group(n=50) were selected among 520 students based on scores on the PAI-BOR scale. Two groups played the game called Cyberball(Virtual Ball Tossing Game), a game in which a ball is passed between four people in the experiment. The game is designed so that participants cannot receive a ball, so as to arouse their sense of isolation. We asked them to evaluate their emotions by using the Emotional Experience Scale before and after the game and measured their emotional changes. Then, when people were teamed with two individuals each and given the opportunity to receive a monetary benefit in accordance with the number of times their partner received the ball, the participant evaluated interpersonal instrumental emotion regulation by selecting the intensity of each emotion(negative, neutral) and value of the emotion they wanted to induce to their partner. In comparison with the other groups, the borderline personality trait group in the exclusion situation experienced more of a sense of isolation, and selected significantly higher intensity of the negative emotion presented to their partner. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (borderline personality trait, control) in the inclusion situation. In terms of value of the emotions, the borderline personality trait group in the exclusion situation evaluated significantly lower than control group. As a result, these findings suggest interpersonal instrumental emotion dysregulation of the borderline personality trait group in a social exclusion situation, which can lead to interpersonal dysfunctions by using inappropriate emotion.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 사회적 배척 경험이 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 도구적 동기로 유발된 대인관계적 정서조절에 미치는 영향을 검증해보고 그에 따른 경계선 성격장애 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 먼저, 대학생 520명을 대상으로 PAI-BOR 척도를 실시한 후, 경계선 경향군 집단(50명)과 통제집단(50명)을 선발하여 실험 참가자 간 공을 주고 받는 게임인 Cyberball(Ball tossing game)을 실시하였으며, 실험 참가자에게는 공이 가지 않도록 설계하여 사회적 상황에서 참가자의 소외감을 유발하였고 실험 전후로 정서경험척도를 사용하여 게임시행에 따른 정서변화를 측정하였다. 이후 같은 게임에서 총 4명의 참가자를 두 명씩 짝지어 팀을 나누고 참가자의 파트너가 공을 받아내는 정도에 따라 자신에게 금전적인 이익이 주어지는 상황을 부여하였으며, 이 상황에서 파트너에게 의도적으로 유발하고 싶은 각 정서(부정, 중립)의 강도와 정서의 유용성을 측정하여 도구적 정서조절을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 다른 집단에 비해 배척상황에서 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 유발된 소외감 정도가 더 높았으며, 파트너에게 제시하는 부정정서의 강도가 유의하게 높았다. 수용 상황의 경계선 성격장애 경향군과 통제집단은 서로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 경계선 성격장애 경향군 내에서도 상황에 따라 수용상황에 비해 배척상황에서 부정정서의 강도가 유의하게 높았다. 정서 유용성에서는 배척상황의 경계선 성격장애 경향군이 통제집단보다 유의하게 낮은 평가를 하였다. 이는 경계선 성격장애 경향군이 사회적 배척상황에서 정서조절의 어려움을 겪으며, 상황적 맥락에 맞는 정서를 활용하지 못하고 타인에게도 부정정서를 제시함으로써 사회적 상황에서 대인관계 문제가 유발될 수 있음을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 홍창희, "한국 정서경험척도의 개발과 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 23 (23): 771-788, 2004

2 홍수연, "아동기에 경험한 정서적 학대와 성인기 경계선 성격장애 성향의 관계: 정서인식의 명확성과 경험적 회피의 매개효과" 한국상담학회 14 (14): 3003-3021, 2013

3 석현정, "사진 이미지의 색조 변화에 따른 감성적 반응연구" 한국디자인학회 20 (20): 229-238, 2007

4 우희정, "경계선 성격특성이 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향 : 정서조절곤란, 거절민감성의 매개효과" 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2014

5 홍상황, "경계선 성격장애 척도의 타탕화연구 : 대학생을 대상으로" 17 (17): 258-271, 1998

6 이종환, "경계선 성격장애 성향군의 정서조절 능력: 억제 기능, 과민반응, 조절곤란을 중심으로" 한국임상심리학회 32 (32): 543-565, 2013

7 Tamir, M., "What do people want to feel and why? Pleasure and utility in emotion regulation" 18 (18): 101-105, 2009

8 McGlashan, T. H., "Two-year prevalence and stability of individual DSM-IV criteria for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders:toward a hybrid model of axis II disorders" 162 (162): 883-889, 2005

9 Tragesser, S. L., "The role of affective instability and impulsivity in predicting future BPD features" 21 (21): 603-614, 2007

10 Tragesser, S. L., "The role of affective instability and UPPS impulsivity in borderline personality disorder features" 23 (23): 370-383, 2009

11 Berenson, K. R., "The rejection–rage contingency in borderline personality disorder" 120 (120): 681-690, 2011

12 Tamir, M., "The maturing field of emotion regulation" 3 (3): 3-7, 2011

13 Clarkin, J. F., "The Personality Disorders Institute/Borderline Personality Disorder Research Foundation randomized control trial for borderline personality disorder : rationale, methods, and patient characteristics" 18 (18): 52-72, 2004

14 Gunderson, J. G., "The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of personality disorders" 239-256, 2005

15 Delplanque, S., "Spatial frequencies or emotional effects? : A systematic measure of spatial frequencies for IAPS pictures by a discrete wavelet analysis" 165 (165): 144-150, 2007

16 Meyer, B., "Sensory sensitivity, attachment experiences, and rejection responses among adults with borderline and avoidant features" 19 (19): 641-658, 2005

17 Gyurak, A., "Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia buffers against rejection sensitivity via emotion control" 8 (8): 458-467, 2008

18 Lakey, B., "Relational regulation theory : a new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health" 118 (118): 482-495, 2011

19 Ayduk, Ö., "Rejection sensitivity and executive control : Joint predictors of borderline personality features" 42 (42): 151-168, 2008

20 Campos, J. J., "Reconceptualizing emotion regulation" 3 (3): 26-35, 2011

21 Morey, L. C., "Personality assessment inventory" Pyschological Assessment Resources 1991

22 Renneberg, B., "Perception of social participation in borderline personality disorder" 19 (19): 473-480, 2012

23 Williams, K. D., "Ostracism: The power of silence" Guilford Press 2002

24 Linehan, M. M., "Naturalistic follow-up of a behavioral treatment for chronically parasuicidal borderline patients" 50 (50): 971-974, 1993

25 Bateman, A. W., "Mentalizationbased treatment of BPD" 18 (18): 36-51, 2004

26 Schmahl, C., "Mechanisms of disturbed emotion processing and social interaction in borderline personality disorder : state of knowledge and research agenda of the German Clinical Research Unit" 1 (1): 3-17, 2014

27 Netzer, L., "Interpersonal instrumental emotion regulation" 58 : 124-135, 2015

28 Parkinson, B., "Interpersonal emotion transfer : Contagion and social appraisal" 5 (5): 428-439, 2011

29 Zaki, J., "Interpersonal emotion regulation" 13 (13): 803-810, 2013

30 Euler, S., "Interpersonal Problems in Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations with Mentalizing, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsiveness" 1-17, 2019

31 Lang, P. J., "International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual" University of Florida 2008

32 박태진, "IAPS 자극에 대한 한국 대학생의 정서 평가" 한국인지과학회 20 (20): 183-195, 2009

33 Gross, J. J., "Handbook of emotion regulation" Guilford Press 2007

34 Staebler, K., "Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder" 41 (41): 1929-1938, 2011

35 Bonanno, G. A., "Emotions:Current issues and future directions" Guilford Press 251-285, 2001

36 Limberg, A., "Emotional vulnerability in borderline personality disorder is cue specific and modulated by traumatization" 69 (69): 574-582, 2011

37 Chapman, A. L., "Emotional reactivity to social rejection and negative evaluation among persons with borderline personality features" 28 (28): 720-733, 2014

38 Butler, E. A., "Emotional coregulation in close relationships" 5 (5): 202-210, 2013

39 Gross, J. J., "Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences" 39 (39): 281-291, 2002

40 Levine, D., "Emotion processing in borderline personality disorders" 185 (185): 240-246, 1997

41 Kim, H. K., "Emotion dysregulation in the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship conflict" 23 (23): 585-595, 2009

42 Stepp, S. D., "Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features" 55 (55): 657-666, 2014

43 Thompson, R. A., "Emotion and emotion regulation : Two sides of the developing coin" 3 (3): 53-61, 2011

44 Campos, J. J., "Emergent themes in the study of emotional development and emotion regulation" 25 (25): 394-, 1989

45 Niven, K., "Does regulating others' feelings influence people's own affective well-being?" 152 (152): 246-260, 2012

46 Herr, N. R., "Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems" 7 (7): 191-202, 2013

47 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®)" American Psychiatric Pub 2013

48 Williams, K., "Cyberball (version 5.2.9)[Software]"

49 Linehan, M., "Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder" Guilford press 1993

50 Gross, J. J., "Cognition and emotion lecture at the 2010 SPSP Emotion Preconference: Emotion generation and emotion regulation: A distinction we should make (carefully)" 25 (25): 765-781, 2010

51 Domsalla, M., "Cerebral processing of social rejection in patients with borderline personality disorder" 9 (9): 1789-1797, 2013

52 Gunderson, J. G., "BPD's interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model" 22 (22): 22-41, 2008

53 Sadikaj, G., "Affect dysregulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder : Persistence and interpersonal triggers" 92 (92): 490-500, 2010

54 Niven, K., "A classification of controlled interpersonal affect regulation strategies" 9 (9): 498-, 2009