英國議會政治發展의 諸段階에 관한 硏究 = A Study on the Developing Process of Parliamentary Political System of the Great Breatain

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study has examined the developing process of parliamentary political system of the Great Britain in terms of four types. It has described characteristics of each type and tried to explain in detail whether these steps can be objectively appropriate through historical facts.
(1) The Feudal Assembly
This type lasted from 1066 to late 13th century.
(2) The Parliamentary giving Consent to the Royal Rule
This type lasted from 13th century to 1603. During this period, parliament changed in nature from the one giving consent to the royal rule to the one representing people by having representatives in County and Borough. This parliament was not established by the people's demand, but the will from above for the convenience of the king.
(A) The First Period (The Age of Plantagenet Lancaster and York Dynasties)
This period includes from late 13th century to 1485 when Honoratiorenherrschaft was set up. During this period, we saw ① the establishment of the representative system from above ② the making of the two-party system and ③ the acquirement of the right to participate in rule making through the right giving consent to the tax. The parliament of this time, especially the House of Commons are called as the parliament giving consent to the Royal Rule based on landlords or men of repute.
(B) The Second Period (The Tudor Age: The Age of Absolutism)
This period includes from 1485 to 1603. During this period, the Assembly session was short and the role of the king was to rule and the role of the parliament was sometimes to advise the king. Thus, the parliament during the Tudor dynasty is called as an Obedient or Docile parliament.
(3) The Transitional Period to the Modern Sovereign Parliament
This period includes from 1603 to 1688. During this period, early industrial revolution was taken place and early capitalism and mercantilism were appeared. At this time Levellers mentioned that sovereign belonged to the people and parliament took the power of the purse. Until 1680, political parties were formulated by the name of Tory and Whig, the foundations of the noble parties. The noble class of this time made a system guiding polities by acquiring support either from rural landlords or urban merchants.
(4) The Modern Sovereign Parliament
This period includes from 1689 to the present time. The Bill of Right (1689)was to confirm the system recognizing the superiority of parliament in law after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. By this Bill of Right, parliament can have the right to make rules. That is parliamentary sovereign become in existence.
(A) The Stage of Parliamentary Oligarchy
This stage includes from 1689 to 1832. During this period we saw the establishment of the Cabinet System. The regime was formed by combination of factions. The election system, a basis of the parliamentary system at that time was non-democratic and people wanted the system to be changed.
(B) The Stage of Classical Democracy
This stage includes from 1832 to 1880 During this period. Democracy was based on the people having money and education. The qualification to vote was expanded and the democratization of the representation was speeded up. The election was justified by the Secret Ballot act of 1872. Corrupt Practices Act of 1883, the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1855 and classical Parliamentary Polities was developed. The Honoratioren-herrschaft began to be destroyed by the progress of industrialization, urbanization and the development of transportation and mass communication (railroads new's papers, spread of education etc.
(C) The Stage of Mass Democracy
This stage includes from 1880 to the modern time. During this period, democratic representative system was promoted by the completion of democratization of the election system-for example, the practice of manhood suffrage, recognition of woman suffrage, equal election right between man and woman of 1928, abolition of the plural vote system of 1948.
Political party became an organized people's party and elections tended to be plebiscitary democracy. That is, elections reflect decisions of people about the public pledge of political parties as well as about selection of the prime minister similar to the election os the president of the United States. Thus, the sovereign was transferred from the parliament to the people. Political parties suggested policies for the public goods in order to acquire votes and developed social security system and were inclined toward the welfare state.
In conclusion, this study has investigated history of parliamentary political system of the Great Britain in terms f several stage and explained various features of each stage. However, it should be printed out that the classification of these stage, ideal types of development, is not definite, but hypothetical.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머릿말
• Ⅰ. 封建的 議會(封臣會議)
• Ⅱ. 王政協贊型議會
• 1. 前期
• 2. 後期
• Ⅲ. 近代的 主權的 議會에의 移行期
• Ⅳ. 近代的 主權的 議會
• 1. 議會寡頭制의 段階
• 2. 古典的「데모크라시」의 段階
• 3. 大衆「데모크라시」의 段階
• 맺는말