Documenting discrimination against migrant workers in the labour market : a comparative study of four European countries

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅴ
• Introduction = 1
• Recent migration trends in Europe = 1
• Migrants and the labour markets of western Europe = 2
• Why discrimination is a problem = 5
• Moral considerations = 5
• Social considerations = 5
• Economic considerations = 5
• The ILO research project = 6
• Organization of the study = 7
• A note on terminology = 8
• Migrant workers and ethnic minorities = 9
• Discrimination = 10
• A note on gender = 10
• 1 The research methodology = 13
• Situation testing and other methods of measuring discrimination = 13
• Laboratory tests = 14
• Attitude surveys = 14
• Observation = 15
• Interviews with managers = 15
• Victimization experiments = 15
• Victim surveys = 16
• Situation testing = 16
• Strengths and limitations of situation testing in comparison with other methods = 17
• Previous situation testing research = 18
• The ILO project : the need for international, comparative research = 20
• Potential research variables = 21
• Size of establishments = 22
• Public and private sectors = 22
• Ethnic groups = 22
• Gender = 23
• Jobs and educational level = 23
• Regional concentration of immigrants = 23
• Economic variation = 24
• Selecting research variables = 24
• General description of the technique = 26
• Selection and preparation of the testers = 28
• The selection procedure = 28
• Training = 29
• Handling psychological problems = 30
• The tests = 31
• Finding vacancies = 31
• Statistical analysis and sample size = 33
• The application process = 34
• Which test results represent discrimination? = 37
• Supervision = 37
• A note on ethical considerations = 38
• 2 The occurrence of discrimination in Belgium = 41
• Immigration and the socio-economic position of migrant and ethnic minority groups = 41
• Description of the testing procedure = 42
• Presentation of the situation test findings = 44
• Results of the sample as a whole = 44
• Test findings differentiated by region = 48
• Test findings differentiated by economic sector = 48
• Test findings differentiated by type of occupation = 49
• Test findings differentiated by type of contact = 50
• Summary = 51
• 3 The occurrence of discrimination in Germany = 53
• A net immigration country of long standing = 53
• Description of the testing procedure = 55
• Presentation of the situation test findings = 57
• Results of the sample as a whole = 57
• Test findings differentiated by economic sector = 59
• Test findings differentiated by type of occupation = 60
• Test findings differentiated by size of establishment = 60
• Summary = 62
• 4 The occurrence of discrimination in the Netherlands = 65
• From a defacto to a de jure net immigration country = 65
• Description of the testing procedure = 68
• Presentation of the situation test findings = 70
• Results of the sample as a whole = 70
• Test findings differentiated by economic sector = 73
• Summary = 75
• 5 The occurrence of discrimination in Spain = 77
• A new migrant-receiving country = 77
• Description of the testing procedure = 78
• Presentation of the situation test findings = 80
• Results of the sample as a whole = 80
• Test findings differentiated by region = 84
• Test findings differentiated by economic sector = 85
• Characteristics of the establishments offering employment = 85
• Summary = 87
• 6 Cross-country analysis of the research findings = 89
• The occurrence of discrimination = 89
• Regional differences in the occurrence of discrimination = 90
• The occurrence of discrimination differentiated by economic sector = 91
• Discrimination by type of occupation = 93
• Discrimination by size of establishment and ownership = 94
• Discussion = 94
• 7 The way forward : Achieving equality for migrant and ethnic minority workers = 99
• Legislating against discrimination = 99
• Essential elements of anti-discrimination legislation = 101
• Training in non-discrimination = 102
• Essential elements of anti-discrimination training = 103
• Conclusion = 103
• Bibliography = 107