식품안전과 소비자보호에 관한 EU식품법제의 성립과 유럽식품안전청의 설립과정 = Establishment of the European Food Safety Authority and Development of the EU Food Law for Food Safety and Consumer Protection

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Issues of food safety have continued to make headline news in the EU media. BSE crisis in UK, dioxin contamination in Belgium and recently Ireland highlighted the global nature of the agri-food industry. The EU in response to the BSE crisis re-orientated its food regulation as a means of enhancing consumer protection and food safety. But the most important change that the BSE crisis in UK brought about was the fact that in future the principal concern of EU food law will no longer be to ensure the free movement of goods(specially foodstuffs) under the Articles 28-29 EC Treaty throughout the internal market of the EU. The changes described in this paper confirm that in the aftermath of the BSE in UK and dioxin contamination crisis in Belgium and Ireland, European food law is no longer only concerned with the free movement of foodstuffs, rather its main goal is to ensure that authorized food products placed on the internal market comply with the principle of ensuring the safety of food products and the protection of consumer health under the Articles 30, 152 EC Treaty and Regulation 178/2002.
The European Food Safety Authority's outline was included in the European Commission's White Paper on Food Safety. The role of the Authority must be defined in terms of risk assessment and risk communication. The primary mission of the Authority as detailed in the Regulation is to provide independent scientific advice on all matters. The scientific advice of the Authority covers the entire food chain, from primary production and the safety of feed up to the supply of food to consumers. Under the Regulation, the Authority has six main functions: provide independent scientific advice, collection and analysis of scientific data in order to monitor food safety in the EU and to underpin EU policy, safety evaluations of dossiers put forward by industry for Community level approval of substances or processes such as additives, foods for particular uses and GMOs, identification of emerging food safety risks, support to the Communication in cases of food safety crisis, communication to the general public of its scientific advice and risk assessment.
Like this, the EU has developed the EU food law through the establishment of legal system for food safety and consumer protection covers with the European Food Safety Authority which provide scientific advices by scientific panels and with the rapid alert system in the case of food crisis in the EU. The dioxin contamination in Ireland after the melamine crisis in China last year awaked of the dangerousness and the necessity of the global food safety. Now a days, the food safety would not be a problem in only one country. Many countries knows that there's a necessity for world-wide food safety network similar with the EU. Therefore, the legal system on the food safety and the consumer protection of the EU as a regional community has a important meaning for international society.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

EU의 위원회, 이사회, 유럽의회 등 여러 주요 기관들은 영국에서의 광우병위기와 벨기에에서의 다이옥신오염 등에 관하여 EU본부가 위치하고 있는 브뤼셀에서 많은 논의를 하였고, 그 주요 의제는 식품안전, 공중보건, 그리고 소비자보호에 관한 것이었다. 이러한 논의의 결과로 ‘식품법 일반원칙에 관한 그린페이퍼’, ‘식품안전백서’가 도출되었고, 나아가 ‘규칙 178/2002’에 의해 독립적인 유럽식품안전청이 설립되게 되었다. 이 유럽식품안전청은 식품위기가 발생하는 경우 과학패널들의 과학적 의견을 통하여 EU의 식품안전과 소비자보호에 중요한 역할을 하게 되었고, 무엇보다도 신속경보체제의 중요한 기초적 역할을 수행하게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 식품법제의 발전에 의하여 EU역내시장에서의 ‘식품의 자유이동’은 일정부분 제약을 받게 되었다고 볼 수 있다. EU위원회 또는 회원국정부는 식품안전, 공중보건 및 소비자보호와 관련된 사태를 통제 및 관리해야 하고, 이를 위해서는 EU역내시장에서의 상품의 자유이동이 제한을 받게 되는 것이다. 이러한 EU라고 하는 지역적 국제사회 차원의 식품안전과 소비자보호를 위한 식품법제의 확립과 발전은 글로벌 식품위기를 해결하기 위한 범세계적인 식품안전 네트워크의 정립에 있어서도 중요한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 볼 때 ‘규칙 178/2002’에 비견되는 식품안전과 소비자보호를 위한 우리나라의 2008년 식품안전정책의 수립 및 추진체계, 긴급대응 및 추적조사, 식품안전관리의 과학화, 정보공개 및 상호협력, 소비자의 참여를 담은 ‘식품안전기본법’의 제정과 시행은 매우 의미가 있는 일이며, EU의 이와 같은 결과는 한-EU FTA시대뿐만 아니라 향후 동북아지역공동체의 설립에 있어서도 상품 특히 식품의 안전과 소비자보호를 위한 역내 협력에 부여하는 의미가 크다고 할 수 있다.

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