동학사상으로 본 가정과 일터에서 여성 인권 변화 양상 연구 - 영화 <여판사>와 <오마주>를 중심으로 - = A Study on Changes of Women’s Human Rights in Home and Workplace based on Donghak ideology(Cheondoism) : Focusing on the movies <A Woman Judge> and <Homage>

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to compare “a Woman Judge” directed by Hong Eun-won in 1962 and “Homage” directed by Shin Soo-won in 2022, to track the changes in human rights in professional women’s homes and workplaces drawn by female directors and to explain the pattern in Donghak ideology(Cheondoism). To this end, we looked at the process of guaranteeing and promoting women’s human rights and the contents of women’s human r ights in Donghak ideology(Cheondoism). Furthermore it checked how women’s human rights were woven in the times and analyzed how women’s human rights required by society at the time were internalized.
This study has three main findings. First, women’s human rights in Korea have been limited by the patriarchy prevalent in society, although laws and institutions have begun to guarantee and promote women’s labor rights in the public and private sectors since 1970. Donghak ideology(Cheondoism) insisted on the liberation of women and the abolition of patriarchy through the concepts of ‘GaHwaLon(a theory that harmonizes the home)’ and ‘BooHwaBooSoon(the theory that the home is comfortable only when the couple is harmonious)’. Second, the changing face of human rights within the home was evident in both films. In “A Woman Judge Homage” the protagonist conforms to patriarchal society, while in “Homage,” despite being a dual-income couple, the responsibility for housework still falls to the woman. Unlike 60 years ago, the main character of “Homage” sometimes gives up housework and gets some support from her family.
Nevertheless, home of the two eras are still patriarchal home, not “home centered on couple”, which is the goal of Donghak ideology(Cheondoism). Third, the patriarchy deeply rooted in Korean social culture influenced women’s human rights in the workplace. In the 1960s, women showed no support or solidarity in the workplace. However, it was found that women tried to choose their jobs independently. In contrast, in the 2020s, women’s workplaces showed the peculiarity of a transformation in which a sense of solidarity between men and women of all ages appeared. In the workplace, the appearance of “developing society through women’s ability” was more advanced than at home.
The conclusion of this study is that although Korean social culture is changing slowly, there are still many areas that need to be improved in guaranteeing and promoting women’s human rights due to the widespread patriarchy. In male-controlled homes and workplaces, women still conform to “human rights allowed by men” like ”Jin-suk” in “a Woman Judge”. In order to win ”human rights guaranteed by anyone” that fit the concept of human rights, it is necessary to approach the Donghak ideology of “GaHwaLon” and “BooHwabooSoon”. Furthermore, a sense of solidarity in Donghak ideology is also necessary, Furthermore, solidarity consciousness in Donghak ideology is also necessary, because the unconditional solidarity and support shown by “Jinsuk” was a small beginning for “Ji-wan,” that is, the better human rights guarantee and promotion of women in “Homage”.