한국 근대 종교의 성립과 전개 = The Establishment and Development of Modern Religion in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Modem consciousness and institutions were extensively introduced to Korea since it opened its door to foreign countries in the late nineteenth century, while they were soon distorted by colonial rule. In religion, Korea was exposed to western modernity which requires modern concept of religion and reorganization of religious culture. Korean religious culture is composed of traditional religions, including Buddhism and Confucianism, Western religions such as Protestantism and Catholicism, native religions like the Tonghak: lI1d folklore. Due to the enlargement and development of the modern religious terrain, there appeared several characteristics in Korean religious culture: the decline of traditional religion, the rise of western religion, marginalization of native religion and disorganization of folklore. In examining the establishment of modern religious culture after 1876, my research intends to clarify how each religion responded to d1e new situations by placing this problematic in a general context of modern Korean history. especially the invasion of imperial forces. This is an attempt to relate two subjects in hand, ``modernity of religious sphere`` and ``modernity of social sphere``. In the face of modern forces, traditional religions had difficulty in making up modern religious culture and \vas not strong enough to stand against the pressure of world system, though they successfully institutionalized indigenous culture and tradition by innovating folk beliefs. On the other hand, Western religions did not possess any serious problem to deal with the pressure of world-system, but was unable to bear a burden of cultural and traditional pressure.