Participation and Empowerment a ‘myth’ or a ‘reality’ : A case of Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) Program in Kibaha, Tanzania

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 1990s government of Tanzania started adopting peoples centred development policies. The Donors demand and growth of civil societies, NGOs and private sector plays a major role in influencing the government to adopt a participatory approach. The intention is to shift power to the lower levels whereby the poor people can express and implement the demands themselves with long term objective of empowerment. The approach have been constantly criticized for having double promising on one hand empowerment(end) and the other hand efficiency and effective(means). The major problem has been realized on the practical application of the approach. This paper is an attempt to explore how the participatory process can strengthen or weakening local administrative institution. The study employs a qualitative strategy focusing on a case study of TASAF project. The study found out that through participatory planning process there were power struggle between the existing village Government and Project Committee.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. METHODOLOGY
• 3. CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATION
• 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
• 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• 〈References〉
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Reed, M. I., "The Sociology of Organisations. Themes, perspectives and prospects" Harvester Wheatsheaf 301-, 1992

2 Vainio-Mattila, A., "The Impact Of Development Interventions On Community Based Natural Resources Management: case from Kenya and Namibia" Fennia 1996

3 Gastel Van, J. N., "The Genealogy of good‘Governance’ and ‘Ownership’ Agenda at the Dutch Ministry of development Co-operation" SOAS 20-, 2003

4 "TASAF Operational Manual"

5 Leeuwis, C., "Reconceptualizing Participation for Sustainable Rural Development: Towards Negotiation Approach" 31 (31): 931-959, 2000

6 Wright, S., "Power and Participatory Development: Theory and Practice" ITDG 2001

7 Burkey, S., "Peoples First: A Guide to Self Reliant, Participatory Rural Development" Zeb Books Ltd. 244-, 1993

8 Cook B., "Participation: the New Tyranny" Zed Books Ltd. 2001

9 Shepherd, A., "Participation, in Rural Development" MacMillan Press 179-205, 1998

10 World Bank, "PRSP Sourcebook" Washington DC 2000

11 Mills, S., "Michel Foucault" Routledge critical thinkers 2003

12 Gaventa, J., "Legal and Policy Frameworks for citizen Participation in local Governance in East Africa, A Regional Report" 2002

13 Mkapa, B. W., "Launch of: Indigenous Knowledge: Local Pathways to Global Development.” Speech by the president of the United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"

14 Pijnenburrg, B., "Keeping it vague. Discourse and Practice of participation in Rural Mozambique" Wageningen University 2004

15 Wright, S., "Introduction, in Power and Participatory Development: Theory and Practice" Intermediate Technology Publications 1995

16 Nuijten, M., "Governance in action, some theoretical and practical reflections on a key concepts, in Globalization and Development; Themes and Concepts in Current Research" Kluwer Academic Publishers 103-130, 2004

17 Sokile, C. S., "Gender, poverty and participation: The case study of smallholder Irrigation in the Rufiji Basin" 6 (6): 77-86, 2005

18 Streeten, P., "Empowerment, Participation and the Poor, Human Development Report" UNDP 2002

19 Vainio-Mattila, A., "Discourse on Participation development and Donor promoted modes of participation" 6 (6): 27-36, 2005

20 Long N., van der Ploeg J. D., "Demythologizing planned intervention: an actor perspective" 29 (29): 226-249, 1989

21 Mansuri, G., "Community based and Driven development: A critical review" 19 : 2004

22 Vries, De P., "A Research Journey: On Actors, Concepts and the text, in Battlefield of Knowledge: The Interlocking of Theory and Practice in Social Research and Development" Routledge 47-84, 1992