Drugs and behavior : an introduction to behavioral pharmacology

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• PREFACE = xii
• Chapter 1 DRUGS : SOME BASIC PHARMACOLOGY = 1
• Names of drugs = 1
• Describing Dosages = 2
• Potency and Effectiveness = 4
• Main Effects and Side Effects = 4
• Drug Interactions = 4
• Tolerance = 5
• Dependence and Withdrawal Symptoms = 6
• Pharmacokinetics = 7
• Routes of Administration = 7
• Absorption from Parenteral Sites = 9
• Inhalation of Gases = 10
• Inhalation of Smoke and Solids = 11
• Oral Administration = 12
• The Digestive System = 12
• Ion Trapping = 14
• Distribution of Drugs = 16
• Excretion and Metabolism = 17
• Factors that Alter Drug Metabolism = 20
• Combining Absorption and Excretion Functions = 21
• Chapter Summary = 23
• References = 25
• Chapter 2 RESEARCH DESIGN AND THE bEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF DRUG EFFECTS = 26
• Research Design = 26
• Nonexperimental Research = 30
• Negative Results = 30
• The Study of Behavior = 30
• Level of Arousal = 31
• Measuring Performance in Humans = 33
• Measuring Behavior in Nonhumans = 35
• Chapter Summary = 39
• References = 41
• Chapter 3 DRUGS STATE CONDITIONING, BEHAVIORAL TOLERANCE, AND DISSOCIATION = 42
• Classical Conditioning of Drug Effects = 42
• Behavioral Tolerance = 44
• Dissociation = 45
• Chapter Summary = 47
• References = 48
• Chapter 4 NEUROPHYSLOLOGY, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM = 49
• The Neuron = 49
• The Synapse = 52
• Neurotantsmitters = 53
• The Nervous System = 55
• Chapter Summary = 62
• References = 63
• Chapter 5 DEPENDENCE, ADDICATION, AND SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS = 64
• Explaining Drugs Self-Administration = 64
• The "Abnormality" of Drug Abuse = 65
• Individual Differences = 65
• Development of the Disease Model = 65
• Development of the Physical Dependence Model = 66
• Development of the Positive Reinforcement Model = 67
• Drugs as positive and Negative Reinforcers = 68
• Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans = 71
• Operant Analysis of Drug Self-Administration = 72
• The Neuroanatomy of Reinforcement = 79
• Chapter Summary = 80
• Reference = 82
• Chapter 6 ALCOHOL = 84
• Sources of Alcohol = 84
• Origin and History = 85
• Route of Administration = 90
• Distribution = 91
• Excretion = 92
• Neuropharmacology = 93
• Effects of Alcohol = 94
• Tolerance = 97
• Withdrawal = 98
• Alcohol Use in Populations = 99
• Self-Administration in Human = 102
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 108
• Harmful Effects of an Acute Administration = 109
• Harmful Effects of Chronic Consumption = 110
• Benefits of Alcohol Consumption = 111
• Treatments = 112
• Chapter Summary = 116
• References = 117
• Chapter 7 THE BENZODIAZEPINES = 122
• History and Types of Benzodiazepines = 122
• Absorption = 124
• Distribution = 124
• Excretion = 124
• Neurophysiology = 125
• Effects of Benzodiazepines = 127
• Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans = 127
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 130
• Discriminative Stimulus Properties = 131
• Tolerance = 131
• Withdrawal = 132
• Self-Administration in Humans = 135
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 137
• Harmful Effects = 137
• Treatment = 138
• A Final Word = 139
• Chapter Summary = 139
• References = 140
• Chapter 8 THE BARBITURATES = 145
• History = 145
• Types of Barbiturates = 146
• Routes of Administration = 146
• Absorption and Distribution = 147
• Excretion = 147
• Neurophysiology = 147
• Effects of Barbiturates = 148
• Effects on Human Behavior and Performance = 149
• Effects on the Behavior and Nonhumans = 150
• Dissociation and Drug State Discrimination = 151
• Tolerance = 151
• Withdrawal = 152
• Self-Administration in Humans = 152
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 154
• Harmful Effects = 154
• Treatment = 156
• Chapter Summary = 156
• References = 158
• Chapter 9 TOBACCO = 160
• Tobacco and its Preparation = 160
• History = 161
• Route of Administration = 164
• Distributions = 165
• Excretion = 166
• Neurophysiological Effects = 166
• Effects of Tobacco = 167
• Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans = 168
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 169
• Drug State Discrimination = 170
• Withdrawal Symptoms = 170
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 171
• Self-Adminstration in Humans = 172
• Treatment = 176
• Harmful Effects = 177
• Chapter Summary = 179
• References = 180
• Chapter 10 CAFFEINE AND THE METHYLXANTHINES = 184
• Source of Methylxanthines = 184
• Coffee = 185
• History of Methylxanthine Use = 185
• Route of Administration = 190
• Neurophysiological Effects = 191
• Effects of Caffeine and the Methylxanthines = 191
• Discriminative Stimulus Properties = 193
• Tolerance = 194
• Withdrawal = 194
• Self-Administration = 194
• Harmful Effects = 195
• Chapter Summary = 197
• References = 197
• Chapter 11 PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS = 201
• Sources = 201
• History = 202
• Routes of Administration and Absorption = 206
• Distribution = 207
• Excretion = 207
• Neurophysiology = 207
• Effects of Psychomotor Stimulants = 208
• Effects of the Behavior of Nonhumans = 213
• Dissociation and Drug State Discrimination = 215
• Tolerance = 215
• Withdrawal = 216
• Self-Administration in Humans = 216
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 217
• Harmful Effects = 219
• Treatment = 221
• Chapter Summary = 222
• References = 223
• Chapter 12 THE OPIATES = 227
• Origins and Sources of Opiates = 227
• History of Opiate Use = 228
• Routes of Administration = 231
• Distribution = 232
• Excretion = 232
• Neurophysiology = 232
• Effects of Opiates = 234
• Drug State Discrimination = 238
• Tolerance = 239
• Self-Administration in Humans = 240
• Self-Administration in Nonhumans = 242
• Harmful Effects of Opiates = 242
• Treatment = 244
• Conclusions = 247
• Chapter Summary = 247
• References = 249
• Chapter 13 ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS = 251
• Types of Antipsychotics = 252
• The Nature of Psychosis and Schizophrenia = 253
• History = 253
• Routes of Administration = 255
• Absorption amd Distribution = 256
• Excretion = 256
• Neurophysiology = 256
• Effects on the Body = 258
• Effects on Human Behavior and Performance = 259
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 259
• Tolerance = 260
• Withdrawal = 260
• Self-Administration = 260
• Harmful Effects = 261
• Other Therapeutic Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs = 261
• Chapter Summary = 261
• References = 262
• Chapter 14 ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND ANTIMANICS = 264
• The Nature of Depression and Mania = 264
• History = 265
• Absorption = 267
• Distribution = 268
• Excretion = 268
• Neurophysiology = 268
• Effects of Antidepressants and Antimanics = 269
• Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans = 270
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 270
• Discriminative Stimulus Properties = 270
• Tolerance = 271
• Withdrawal = 271
• Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans = 271
• Harmful Effects = 271
• Chapter Summary = 271
• References = 272
• Chapter 15 CANNABIS = 274
• Sources = 274
• History = 276
• Absorption = 279
• Distribution = 279
• Metabolism = 279
• Neuropharmacology = 280
• Effects of Cannabis = 281
• Effects on the Behavior and Performance = 282
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 286
• Dissociation and Drug State Discrimination = 287
• Tolerance = 287
• Withdrawal Symptoms = 288
• Self-Administration = 288
• Harmful Effects = 290
• Chapter Summary = 295
• References = 296
• Chapter 16 HALLUCINOGENS = 300
• Types of Hallucinogens = 301
• Hallucinogens Similar to Serotonin = 301
• Hallucinogens that Resemble Norepinephrine = 306
• Hallucinogens Similar to Acetylcholine = 309
• Miscellaneous Hallucinogens = 311
• Neurophysiology = 313
• Effects on Human Behavior and Performance = 313
• Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans = 318
• Drug State Discrimination = 319
• Tolerance = 320
• Withdrawal Symptoms = 320
• Self-Administration = 321
• Harmful Effects = 321
• Chapter Summary = 323
• References = 325
• GLOSSARY = 327
• INDEX = 341