신학 안에 인간학적 전환과 신학적 인간학의 태동 = 칼 라너(K. Rahner)의 인간학적 전환을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the naissance of Theological Anthropology, which explores theology with emphasis on humankind, based on time and ideological changes. In the latest 40 years, the Catholic theology gave birth to Theological Anthropology (Antropologia teologica) which generalizes the understanding of humankind on the basis of theology. Theology has studied humankind as a major topic, but the emergence of Theological Anthropology tells us that a more organized field of study on humankind and more professional studies and researches have become available. The convertsion of theology into a man-centered, anthropological theme was a major change to its God-centered and church-centered foundation.
Today, the Church can no longer talk about religion from the hierarchical perspective with the focus on God’s words, Fathers’ opinions, the Councils. It is necessary to deeply explore men and seek out for realistic experiences. With the growing ethnocentrism (Antropocentrismo), the Church found it important to study humankind for better understanding. Theological Anthropology was born in modern Europe’s conversion to ethnocentrism.
Karl Rahner(1904~1984) is the one who greatly contributed to the philosophical foundation of Theological Anthropology. Through him, anthropological studies become more organized and uniform within the realms of theology. Rahner first used the term ‘Theological Anthropology’ and established anthropological methodologies on a theological background.
The anthropological tendency of theology became official within the Catholic Church. The “2nd Vatican Council” was what made it official. The Pastoral Constitution (Gaudium et spes), established by the Councils, explained realistic experiences of men on the basis of Theological Anthropology.
The Catholic Church made effort to understand the conversion to ethnocentrism and boldly absorb its positive aspects. Such effort accomplished the academic development of Theological Anthropology. Theological Anthropology allowed the church to absorb ethnocentric trends and address it from academic perspectives. The naissance of Theological Anthropology reflects the inevitable needs that modern Catholic ideologies have to be man-centered and promote its teachings and studies for men.