현대국어에 나타나는 조건 형태의 문법화 = Grammaticalization of Conditional Markers in Modern Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores the grammaticalization paths of the forms that mark conditionals from the corpus of the four Nokeltay texts - Penyek Nokeltay, Nokeltay Enhay, Monge Nokeltay, and Yekcwu Penyek Nokeltay. The textual frequency of the two primary markers of conditionals, i. e. '-umyen' and '-ketun', can be tabulated as the following.
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The table shows that the frequency of '-umyen' markedly increases toward the Modern Korean, whereas the frequency of '-ketun' decreases proportionately. This change suggests that the semantics of '-umyen', which was relatively less specific in semantic content than '-ketun', became generalized. This change also attests the specialization of '-umyen' in grammatical function. The two forms, however, exhibit layering phenomena despite such functional specialization by one of them.
The grammaticalization phenomena of conditional markers can be explained with subjectification, in that grammatical markers show semantic changes from temporality to textuality and further to subjectivity. As '-ketun' gradually gets ousted by '-umyen' in conditional-marking function, it gradually acquires a new grammatical function as a marker of reason and cause sentence-finally, and is currently gaining wider distribution. Recently its function is further extended to a more situationally dependent function such as interrogative marking as well as its relatively older function of declarative marking.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 조건 형태의 변화 양상
• 2.1. 「번역노걸대」와 「노걸대언해」
• 2.2. 「노걸대언해」와 「몽어노걸대」
• 2.3. 「몽어노걸대」와 「역주 번역노걸대」
• 3. 조건 형태의 문법화
• 3.1. '-으면'의 문법화
• 3.2. '-거든'의 문법화
• 4. 맺음말