제1공화국에서 대법원장 임명을 둘러싼 갈등과 그 함의 = The Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Korea: Their Selection Process and Appointment in the First Republic of Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea in 1948 was Kim Pyong Ro, who as a criminal defense lawyer fought Japanese rule for Korean patriots. Second Chief Justice was Cho Yong Soon in 1958. Here I focus on the process for their appointments, and its relation to the judicial independence. The first President Syngman Rhee was reluctant to appoint Kim Pyong Ro, but even his cabinet members strongly supported him, on the basis of his prominent career and popular respect. During his term of office [1948-1957], the judicial independence was firmly trusted, and judges did not hesitate to challenge the political pressure from the governing president. When Kim’s term was finished in 1957, the President tried to occupy the overall process for the appointment of the Chief Justice. According to the Court Organization Act, the President shall appoint the Chief Justice on the recommendation of the Judges’ Committee who shall be composed of high-ranking judges. President neglected the recommended candidate, and tried to change the existed Act. He faced the great resistance from the legal profession and the media. The retired Kim Pyong Ro added to criticize such an “arrogant” attitude. Finally, the President had to observe the legal process. The next strong blow from the President was to abuse the procedure for reappointment. According to the 1948 Constitution, the judges shall be reappointed by the President after 10 years’s term of office. The President did not reappoint some judges because they had crashed with the President’s political justice during their term of office. Such an abuse overshadowed the court atmosphere. These history tells us that the judicial independence cannot be awarded by the strongman like President.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한인섭, "형법 제정에서 김병로의 기여" 서울대학교 법학 55 (4) : 313 ~ 363, 2014

2 친일인명사전편찬위원회, "친일인명사전 제2권" 민족문제연구소, 2009

3 "조선일보 1971. 8. 17.자" 1971

4 "조선일보 1958. 12. 14.자" 1958

5 "조선일보 1958. 1. 9.자" 1958

6 "제헌 5회 1차 국회본회의"

7 "제4대 국회 제29회 제3차 국회본회의 회의록, 1958. 6. 16" 1958

8 "제1회 국회의사속기록 제41호, 1948. 8. 16" 1948

9 "제1회 국회의사속기록 제40호, 1948. 8. 5" 1948

10 한인섭, "정의의 법, 양심의 법, 인권의 법" 박영사, 2004

11 신동운, "재판관의 고민: 유병진 법률논집" 법문사, 2008

12 유병진, "재판관의 고민" 고시학회, 2008

13 오인환, "이승만의 삶과 국가" 나남, 2013

14 사법발전재단, "역사 속의 사법부" 2009

15 유진오, "양호기: 보전ㆍ고대 35년의 회고" 고려대학교 출판부, 1977

16 한인섭, "식민지 법정에서 독립을 변론하다: 허헌 김병로 이인과 항일재판투쟁" 경인문화사, 2012

17 고재호, "법조반백년" 박영사, 1985

18 법원행정처, "법원사" 1995

19 이인, "반세기의 증언" 명지대학 출판부, 1974

20 "동아일보 1984. 4. 10.자" 1984

21 "동아일보 1971. 8. 5.자" 1971

22 "동아일보 1958. 7. 7.자" 1958

23 "동아일보 1958. 7. 6.자" 1958

24 "동아일보 1958. 6. 21.자" 1958

25 "동아일보 1958. 6. 10.자" 1958

26 "동아일보 1958. 3. 19.자" 1958

27 "동아일보 1958. 3. 15.자" 1958

28 "동아일보 1958. 3. 14.자" 1958

29 "동아일보 1958. 2. 26.자" 1958

30 "동아일보 1958. 11. 5.자" 1958

31 "동아일보 1958. 1. 29.자" 1958

32 "동아일보 1957. 12. 19.자" 1957

33 "동아일보 1957. 12. 17.자" 1957

34 "동아일보 1957. 11. 25.자" 1957

35 대한변호사협회, "대법원장 임명제청권삭제 개정 법률안 반대 전국변호사대회특집" 법률평론, 1958년 4월호, 1958

36 "경향신문 1990. 6. 14.자" 1990

37 "경향신문 1973. 4. 5.자" 1973

38 "경향신문 1960. 12. 29.자" 1960

39 "경향신문 1958. 12. 12.자" 1958

40 김학준, "가인 김병로 평전: 민족주의적 법률가ㆍ정치가의 생애" 민음사, 2013

41 김진배, "가인 김병로" 삼하인쇄주식회사, 1983