남인도 거석문화의 현황과 성격 -비누콘다(Vinukonda)와 큠붐(Cumbum)지역을 중심으로- = An Essay on Characteristics and Distribution Patterns of South India Megalithic Culture -Focused on Vinukonda and Cumbum Province-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We have conducted an archaeological exploration in Vinukonda of Guntur and Cumbum taluk of Prakasharn districts from on 3rd Feb 2006 to 11th Feb 2006. It had obtained good results that we have discovered the 11 dolmens, 1 cist, 2 cup-marks on the natural rock, 1 slab stone circle, 2 menhirs, 1 terrace, 2 stone seats, and 1 rock-shelter. Conclusively, we could find some common features from the sites; Firstly, all the sites had been located nearby the water pits, streams, lakes, and on the foothills and adjoining the forest and agriculture field are-a. Second, cup-marks on the capstone of altar type dolmen would reveal the star map, and line on capstone of stone seats available are for the game board. Third, one common feature of the entire dolmen is being worshipped by the natives as temple, and looked upon as the spirit dwelling place as settled. When the dolmens were demolished, temples were constructed at the place of dolmens. Fourth, in the case of Vinukonda dolmen, long axis direction of altar dolmen and the gate of God are set to the east, which is related to the sun religions of animism as a natural belief. Fifth, secondaiy burial rites practicing in cist site of south India as an ethno-archaeological material could be compared with Asian regions. The tribes such as Chuckhee, Koiyark, Giliak, Yukaghir in Southeast Asia, Okina in Japan, Taiwan, North and middle of China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Borneo, Summatra, Celebes, Philippines as well as Trobriand Islands in Pacific regions and Africa follow this practice. Also, they were found in Biracen tribes of Tungus. We will make an investigation that altar type dolmens of Vinukonda and Cumbum could he for a comparative study with dolmens as a burial and temple function of the other regions.