Solvent-driven fractional crystallization (SDFC) is a promising non-thermal crystallization method for the selective recovery of salts from concentrated brines. In this study, the influence of individual ions, including Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-,...
Solvent-driven fractional crystallization (SDFC) is a promising non-thermal crystallization method for the selective recovery of salts from concentrated brines. In this study, the influence of individual ions, including Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, F-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, and CO32-, on salt solubility reduction and phase behavior upon organic solvent addition was systematically investigated. Salts with relatively low aqueous solubility exhibited typical SDFC behavior, whereas highly soluble salts largely remained dissolved even at high organic solvent fractions. In contrast, salts containing strongly water-structuring ions tended to undergo water-organic solvent phase separation. For salts exhibiting SDFC, solubility reduction was found to be strongly dependent on the charge density of the ionic species, with high-charge-density ions showing more pronounced solubility reductions. Quantitative analysis using an exponential decay model demonstrated strong linearity across all salts, with the fitted slope serving as a salt-specific constant that reflects the tendency for solubility reduction. Notably, sulfate salts exhibited markedly higher λ values, achieving over 90% ion removal at an organic solvent molar ratio of 0.125, highlighting the sulfate-selective potential of the SDFC process. Collectively, these results provide a predictive framework for salt solubility reduction in SDFC, guiding organic solvent dosage and process design while offering mechanistic insight into ion-specific solvation effects.