Poetry handbook : for readers and writers

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Acknowledgements = xi
• Introduction = xiii
• 1 Rhythm, Stress Metre = 1
• Rhythm = 1
• Stress = 2
• Word-Stress = 3
• Sentence-Stress = 3
• Alternation and Degrees of Stress = 4
• Silent Stress? = 5
• Stress-Timing and Sprung Rhythm = 6
• Stress-Syllable Metre = 9
• Iambic = 11
• Anapestic = 11
• Trochaic = 11
• Dactylic = 12
• Irregularities = 12
• Rising and Falling = 14
• The Foot and the Musical Bar = 15
• Counterpoint Rhythm = 16
• Pure Syllabic Metre = 18
• Quantitative Metre = 18
• Rhythmic Refreshment = 18
• Finding a Rhythm = 20
• Rhythmic Inheritance = 22
• Rhythmic Association = 23
• Examples = 25
• 2 The Sounds of English = 32
• Vowels and Consonants = 33
• Phonemes = 33
• English Vowels = 34
• Front Vowels = 34
• Central Vowels = 34
• Back Vowels = 35
• Diphthongs = 35
• Distinguishing Front and Back Vowels = 36
• Vowel Order = 36
• Vowel Length = 36
• English Consonants = 37
• Consonant Pairs = 37
• Consonant Kinds = 37
• Stops = 38
• Fricatives = 38
• Nasals = 38
• Lateral = 38
• Semi-Vowels = 38
• List of Consonants = 40
• Sound Patterns = 40
• Consonant Patterns(Consonance) = 42
• Alliteration = 42
• Consonant Rhyme = 43
• Vowel Patterns = 44
• Assonance = 44
• Vowel plus Consonant Patterns = 45
• Rhyme = 45
• Full Rhyme = 45
• Near Rhyme = 46
• Sound Association = 47
• Examples = 48
• 3 The Poem's Shape = 55
• Lines = 55
• Shape and Pattern = 55
• Some Traditional Stanza Forms = 56
• Four-Line Stanza or Quatrain = 56
• Ballad Stanza = 56
• Rubai = 57
• Three-Line Stanza or Tercet = 57
• Terza RiMa = 57
• Two-Line Stanza or Couplet = 58
• Patterns using Repetition of Words or Ideas = 58
• Refrain = 58
• Parallelism and Antiphony = 59
• Traditional Poem Forms = 59
• Villanelle = 59
• Sonnet = 60
• Verse Paragraph = 62
• Form in Contemporary Poetry = 62
• Examples = 64
• 4 Content = 68
• Economy and Intensity = 69
• Particularity : Images = 70
• Ideas and Feelings = 71
• Scope = 75
• Allusion = 77
• Words = 81
• Economy and Freshness = 82
• Poetic Vocabulary／Diction = 83
• The English Word Hoard = 84
• English has Few Infections = 85
• Extending the Use of Words= 86
• Paradigm and Invention = 86
• Handicapped Paradigms = 87
• Puns = 88
• Word Association = 89
• Figurative Language = 90
• Metaphor and Simile = 90
• Other Figures of Speech = 92
• 5 Poetry in Society = 96
• Poetry in the Past = 99
• Poetry's Repercussions : a Somerset Example = 101
• Questions for Poetry in Britain Today = 103
• Poetry in a Different Society : Nicaragua = 111
• 6 Translating Poetry = 125
• Three Kinds of Poetry Translation = 126
• Literal Translation or Crib = 127
• The Completely Free Version or Imitation = 127
• The Middle Way : Translation with 'Some Latititude' = 129
• Voice = 129
• Poetry as Incarnate Word = 130
• Translation Difficulties and Challenges = 132
• Metre = 132
• Sound = 133
• Word Order =134
• Puns and Anagrams = 136
• Humour = 136
• Images, Symbols, Associations = 137
• Weather and Seasons = 137
• Plants = 137
• Institutions = 139
• Parks of the Body = 139
• Swear Words = 140
• The Whole Poem as a Body of Words = 141
• Translations of Rilke = 142
• Translations of Apollinaire = 144
• Translations of Cardenal = 147
• Translation of Philippe Jaccottet = 149
• Translation of Paul Celan = 149
• Conclusion = 153
• Short List of Addresses and Publications = 156
• Index = 159