독일의 이주민 정책과 이주민의 참정권 = The Migration Policy and the Political Participation of Immigrants in Germany

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Even though Germany was the one of major nations for emigration in the world after World War Ⅱ, there had been no comprehensive social integration policy up to 1990s. The policy for migrants was not designed for social integration, but for alienation. At last in 2005, Federal Government proposed the policy of social integration for migrants as political agenda. As far as the right for vote was concerned, the government granted local suffrage to migrants from Member Countries of European Union in 1992, while the migrants from Non-Member Countries of EU are still not allowed to vote in local election. In order to obtain the right, they need to get citizenship in Germany.
Since Act of Nationality was revised in 2000, thousands of migrants face the possibility to apply for citizenship. Up until now, the rate of being naturalized is not high, but from 2000 to 2007 there are almost 115 million migrants who became citizen of Germany. This fact implies that the political power of these people is potentially big. This paper examines the change of trend inpolicy of social integration and of migration in Germany since 1950s. In addition, this paper analyzes politics of migrants from EU Member Countries and that of naturalized migrants, and the possibility of political participation of migrants from Non-Member Countries of EU and their organization.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

독일은 제2차 대전이후 세계에서 주요이민국가의 하나가 되었음에도 불구하고 1990년대까지 정부차원의 포괄적인 사회통합정책은 없었다. 외국인이주민에 대한 정책은 ‘통합’정책이 아니라 ‘외국인’정책이었다. 2005년에야 비로소 이주민통합정책이 정책아젠다가 되어 연방정부에 의해 적극적으로 추진되었다. 이주민 참정권과 관련해서도 1992년에 유럽연합시민들에게 지방차원의 선거권과 피선거권을 부여했지만, 유럽연합이 아닌 제3국에서 온 이주민들에게는 아직도 지방선거권을 부여하고 있지 않다. 독일에서 제3국적소유 이주민이 투표권을 갖기 위해서는 독일국적을 취득해야 한다.
특히 2000년 개정된 「국적법」이 시행된 이래 독일에서 수백만 명의 이주민이 독일국적을 취득할 가능성을 갖게 되었다. 현재까지 이주민의 귀화률이 그다지 높지는 않지만 2000년에서 2007년 사이에 거의 115만 명이 귀화했다는 점에 비추어서 이주민이 가진 정치세력화의 잠재력은 매우 크다. 본 논문에서는 1950년대 이래 독일의 이민정책과 다문화현황 및 이주민통합정책의 변화를 살펴본다. 그리고 이에 기초해서 유럽연합시민과 귀화독일인의 정치행태, 제3국적소유 이주민과 이주민조직의 정치참여 가능성과 현황에 대해 분석한다,

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