Accounting for effective decision making : a manager's guide to corporate, financial, and cost reporting

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Chapter 1 UNDERSTANDING EXTERNAL REPORTING FOR EFFECTIVE USE AND COMMUNICATION OF FINANCIAL DATA = 1
• Primary Financial Statements = 2
• Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) = 2
• Income Statement = 8
• Statement of Cash Flows = 14
• Notes = 20
• Consolidated Statements and the Equity Method = 31
• Consolidated Statements = 32
• Financial Statement Presentation = 33
• Consolidation Statements = 41
• SEC - Filed Financial Statements = 43
• Investor - Investee Relationship = 43
• Minority Interests = 44
• The Usefulness of Consolidated Statements = 44
• Segmental Disclosure = 45
• Selecting Reportable Segments = 46
• Segmental Classifications = 47
• Presenting Segmental Data = 48
• Allocations = 48
• Liabilities and Unallocated Items = 49
• Segmental Reporting in Practice = 49
• Segmental Reporting for Motorola, Inc = 51
• Uses and Limitations = 52
• Management Discussion and Analysis = 53
• Introduction = 53
• Scope of MD&A = 54
• Drafting the MD&A = 55
• Contents of MD&A = 56
• Illustrative MD&A = 58
• The Auditor's Opinion = 59
• Certified Public Accountant's Involvement with Primary Financial Statements = 59
• The Standard Report = 62
• Modifications in Explanatory Language to a Standard Report Not Affecting Opinion = 64
• Modification of Opinions = 71
• Disclaimer = 72
• Adverse Opinions = 72
• Other Information in Auditor - Submitted Documents = 72
• Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements = 73
• Reviews and Compilations of Financial Statements = 74
• Appendix 1 SEC Reporting = 75
• Form 10-K = 76
• Form 10-Q = 78
• Form 8-K = 79
• Proxy Statements = 80
• Forms S-1, 2, 3, and Others = 81
• Form S-1 = 81
• Form S-2 = 82
• Form S-3 = 83
• Form S-4 = 84
• Form for Small Businesses = 84
• Note to Managers = 85
• Summary of Types of Information Available in Post-1979 SEC Filings = 85
• Appendix 2 Shareholders' Meetings = 92
• General Issues = 93
• Company Performance = 93
• Corporate Governance = 95
• Social Responsibilities = 96
• Mergers and Acquisitions, = 96
• Controls = 97
• Financial Reporting = 98
• Other Matters = 100
• Industry Issues : Manufacturing High Technology = 100
• Chapter 2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES CAN IMPACT YOUR COMPANY'S REPORTED FINANCIAL RESULTS = 102
• Accounting Principles = 102
• Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) = 103
• Rule Setting = 103
• GAAP Hierarchy = 103
• Specialized Industry Matters = 105
• Role of the FASB in Developing GAAP = 105
• Role of the SEC in Financial Reporting = 107
• Role of the SEC in Establishing and Improving Accounting Principles = 107
• Regulation S-X = 109
• Regulation S-K = 110
• Financial Reporting Releases = 111
• Staff Accounting Bulletins = 112
• Comprehensive Basis of Accounting Other than GAAP = 113
• Reporting under OCBOA Versus GAAP = 114
• Measurement Rules under OCBOA = 114
• Note Disclosures = 115
• Financial Statement Titles = 115
• Auditor Involvement with OCBOA = 115
• Changes in Accounting Methods = 116
• Discretionary Accounting Changes = 117
• Errors and Reclassifications = 120
• Mandated Accounting Changes = 121
• Alternative Accounting Principles = 124
• Inventory Accounting = 124
• Property, Plant, and Equipment = 131
• Intramethod Comparisons = 142
• Summary = 149
• Chapter 3 SELECTED TOPICS IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING = 153
• Introduction = 153
• Business Combination - Purchase versus Pooling = 156
• Treatment of Goodwill = 157
• Disclosures in Business Combinations = 158
• Push-down Accounting = 158
• Investor - Investee Relationships = 165
• Foreign Operations and Currency Translation = 166
• Designating a Functional Currency = 166
• Current Rate Method = 168
• Monetary／NonMonetary Method = 169
• Foreign Currency Transactions = 170
• Disclosure Requirement = 171
• Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity = 172
• Characteristics and Measurement of Liabilities = 172
• Offsetting Liabilities and Assets = 173
• Classification of Debt = 173
• Note Disclosure of Short - Term Debt = 174
• Note Disclosure of Long - Term Debt = 174
• Covenants = 175
• Extinguishment of Debt = 175
• In - Substance Defeasance = 176
• Troubled Debt Restructuring = 177
• Equity or Liability = 179
• Long - Term Leases of Lessees = 182
• Capital versus Operating Leases = 185
• Employer Pension Plans and Postretirement Health Care Benefits = 188
• Empwel Case Study = 189
• Motorola Defined Benefit Pension Plan Disclosure = 200
• Effects of Smoothing = 202
• Reporting Defined Contributions Plans = 203
• Accounting for Postretirement Benefit other the Pensions = 205
• Deferred Income Taxes = 207
• Permanent Differences = 208
• Temporary Differences = 209
• Exceptions to Deferred Taxes = 210
• Annual Computation and Classification of Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets = 211
• Case Illustrations = 212
• Note to the Manager = 214
• Disclosure = 215
• Accounting for Financial Instruments = 215
• Definitions and Examples of Financial Instruments = 218
• Common Types of Financial Instruments = 219
• Financial Instruments Subject to Possible Accounting Losses = 220
• Exposure to Concentration of Risk = 221
• Fair Value of a Financial Instrument = 221
• Insights into Economic Gains and Losses = 227
• Reporting Requirements = 227
• Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Instruments = 230
• Contingent Liabilities = 231
• Contingency Disclosure in Practice = 231
• Illustrative Disclosures = 232
• Stock Options = 234
• Fixed Option Plans = 235
• Variable Option Plans = 236
• Contrast between Fixed and Variable Plans = 238
• Sample Disclosure for Motorola = 238
• Executive Compensation Rules - SEC = 238
• Options and SARs Grant Table = 240
• Aggregated Option／SAR Exercises and Fiscal Year - End Option／SAR Value Table = 240
• Long - Term Incentive Plan Awards Table = 241
• Proposed Revision in Accounting for Stock Options = 241
• Revenue Recognition = 249
• Alternative Bases of Revenue Recognition = 249
• Industry - Related Standards of Revenue Recognition = 251
• Land Sales = 251
• Disclosure = 252
• Revenue Recognition : Accounting versus Tax = 252
• Chapter 4 ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS = 254
• Introduction = 254
• Earning per Share = 256
• Stock Splits and Stock Dividends = 257
• Complex Capital Structures = 257
• Primary Earnings per Share = 257
• Fully Diluted EPS = 258
• Materiality of Dilution = 258
• Computation of Primary EPs = 258
• Example of Dilutive Instruments and Their Impact on Primary and Fully Diluted EPS = 258
• Disclosure = 260
• Sample Disclosure = 260
• Analytic Review of Financial Statements = 260
• Profitability = 262
• Liquidity = 271
• Long - Term Solvency and Equity Structure = 276
• Other Considerations for Analysis = 278
• Interim Reporting = 280
• Modifications of Principles for Interim Reporting = 280
• Disclosure of Summarized Interim Financial Data by Publicly Traded Companies = 282
• Fourth Quarter Results = 282
• Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statements = 283
• Interim Financial Data in Annual Report = 283
• Note to Managers = 283
• Prospective Information = 285
• Demand by Business Community for Prospective Information = 285
• AICPA Guidance in Production of Prospective Information = 285
• Areas to Cover in Reviewing a Forecast or Projection = 293
• Chapter 5 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND CORPORATE ORGANIZATION = 297
• Introduction = 297
• Organization Structure and Information for Decision - Making Needs = 298
• How a Corporation Functions : The Organizational Structure = 298
• Centralized Structure versus Divisionalized / Decentralized Structure = 299
• Organizational Structure of US - Based Multinational Corporations = 313
• Organization Charts = 315
• Internal Financial Data : Disaggregating Operations = 318
• Division and Profit Centers = 321
• Cost Centers = 324
• Investment Centers = 324
• Internal versus External Segmentation = 325
• Implications of Disaggregation = 326
• Chapter 6 INTERNAL REPORTING SYSTEMS = 335
• Introduction = 335
• Total Quality Management (TQM) = 335
• Cost Accounting Methods／Systems = 336
• Traditional Product Costing Approaches = 336
• A Typology of Traditional Absorption Costing Systems = 348
• Information for Planning and Control in Today's Manufacturing Environment = 357
• Diagnosing the Existing Cost System = 357
• Developing Useful Information Systems : Activity Management = 360
• Developing Accurate Coasts : Activity - Based Costing = 363
• Advanced Manufacturing Systems = 368
• Cost and Operating Measures in Today's Manufacturing Environment = 372
• Costs for Different Uses = 376
• Survey of Practice Today = 378
• Chapter 7 MARKETING COST DETERMINATION AND REPORTING = 380
• The Significance of Marketing Data = 380
• Impact of Marketing Structure on Cost Reporting = 381
• Marketing planning Information = 381
• Organization of Marketing Activities = 385
• Marketing Plans and Reports = 392
• Identifying Marketing Information = 392
• Marketing Planning Process = 394
• Accessing and Analyzing Marketing Plans = 396
• Marketing Planning Forms = 398
• Marketing Cost Analysis = 400
• Cost Centers = 402
• Marketing Cost Allocation = 412
• Allocation Practices = 422
• Performance Reports = 429
• Evaluating Marketing Data = 429
• Appendix 1 Three - Year Marketing Plan Forms―Interlake, Inc = 430
• Appendix 2 Basis for Allocating Functional Costs to Product Lines, Customer Classes, or Territories = 434
• Chapter 8 PLANNING AND CONTROL = 440
• Evaluation the Company Planning and Control System = 440
• Overview of Planning and Control = 440
• The Planning and Control Process = 442
• Documentation = 444
• Budgeting = 445
• Operating Budget = 446
• Financial Budget = 466
• Strategic Planning = 470
• Incremental Analysis = 473
• Chapter 9 MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT = 475
• Return on Investment = 476
• Invested Capital Base = 477
• Income Measure = 480
• Transfer Pricing = 481
• Asset Allocations = 487
• Liability Allocations = 489
• Allocations in Foreign Operations = 489
• Sales Growth = 491
• Productivity = 492
• Marketing Performance Evaluation = 493
• Market Share = 494
• Marketing Expense to Sales Ratio = 494
• Marketing Profitability Analysis = 494
• Sales Force, Advertising, and Sales Promotion Efficiency = 495
• Standards of Comparison = 496
• Compensation Design and Performance Measurement = 496
• INDEX = 499