T. H. Marshall 시민권론의 재해석 = On Redefining T. H. Marshall's Citizenship

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The starting point of this article derives from that T. H. Marshall's citizenship theory is narrowly understood or misunderstood. This article aims to review and redefine the contents and the boundary of the theory, so as to correct our misunderstanding of it. Research method employed here is a library-based one, in which comparison between Marshall's early writings and later ones on citizenship becomes the principal tool. Discussion shows that Marshall's original idea of citizenship, social one in particular, has changed and been more sophisticated in reflection of changing international and domestic conditions surrounding the welfare state as the primary institution for realizing social rights. The final destination Marshall reached through this theoretical refinement was ‘welfare society' which is characterized by welfare-mix, or the multi-providers of welfare provision, with the state taking the primary responsibility for it. This article argues that a limited understanding of citizenship, which excludes its later change while mainly focusing on the Marshall's early writings, hampers us to do justice to the theory. This was typically exampled by our misunderstanding of its ideological position. This suggests that a comprehension of the theory requires us to take into account both its ‘static' aspects and ‘dynamic' ones.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 T. H. Marshall의 시민권론이 일반적으로 상당히 협소하게 이해되고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 따라서 본고의 목적은 우리가 지금까지 이 이론에 대해 파악하지 못했던 부분을 밝히고, 이를 통해 보다 정확한 이해를 높이는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 마샬의 초기 저작에서 발견되는 시민권론과 후기저작에서 발견되는 시민권론의 내용을 비교한다. 이를 통해 시민권 중 특히 사회권의 권리개념에 대한 그의 생각이 상당부분 확대 혹은 변화되었으며, 이러한 변화의 근저에는 사회권 실현의 핵심제도인 복지제도를 둘러싼 국제 정치경제적, 국내 환경적 조건의 변화가 있었음을 논한다. 사회권에 대한 마샬의 생각변화가 이르렀던 종착지는 복지공급주체로서 국가의 1차적 책임을 강조하되 사회의 다른 부분들이 공동으로 참여하는 ‘복지사회’였다. 이러한 개념상의 변화특징을 배제한 논의는 이 이론에 대한 제한적 이해를 야기하며, 대표적인 예로서 이 이론의 이데올로기적 지향점이 잘못 이해되고 있음을 지적한다. 결국, 시민권론을 정확히 이해하기 위해서는 과거와 현재를 아우르는 ‘정적인’ 시민권론과 ‘동적인’ 시민권론이 포괄적으로 이해되어야 함을 지적한다.

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